The Haṭha Ratnāvalī is a Haṭha yoga text written in the 17th century by Srinivasa. It is one of the first texts to name 84 asanas, earlier texts having claimed as many without naming them. It describes 36 asanas.
Text
editThe Haṭha Ratnāvalī is a Haṭha yoga text written in the 17th century by Srinivasa.[1] It states (1.17-18) that asanas, breath retentions, and seals assist in Haṭha yoga.[2] It mentions 8 purifications (shatkarmas), criticising the Hatha Yoga Pradipika for only describing 6 of these.[3]
It is one of the earliest texts (the other being the unpublished Yogacintāmaṇi) actually to name 84 asanas,[4] earlier manuscripts having simply claimed that 84[a] or 8,400,000 asanas existed.[6] The 84 asanas listed (HR 3.7-20[7]) include several variations of Padmasana and Mayurasana, Gomukhasana, Bhairavasana, Matsyendrasana, Kurmasana, Kraunchasana, Mandukasana, Yoganidrasana, and many names now not in wide usage; it provides descriptions of 36 of these asanas.[8]
Notes
edit- ^ The number 84 is symbolic not literal: it is the product of 7, the number of planets in astrology, and 12, the number of signs of the zodiac, while in numerology, 84=(3+4)×(3×4).[5]
References
edit- ^ Srinivasa 2003.
- ^ Mallinson & Singleton 2017, p. 29.
- ^ Mallinson & Singleton 2017, pp. 77–79.
- ^ Mallinson & Singleton 2017, p. 91.
- ^ Rosen, Richard (2017). Yoga FAQ: Almost Everything You Need to Know about Yoga-from Asanas to Yamas. Shambhala. pp. 171–. ISBN 978-0-8348-4057-7.
this number has symbolic significance. S. Dasgupta, in Obscure Religious Cults (1946), cites numerous instances of variations on eighty-four in Indian literature that stress its 'purely mystical nature'; ... Gudrun Buhnemann, in her comprehensive Eighty-Four Asanas in Yoga, notes that the number 'signifies completeness, and in some cases, sacredness. ... John Campbell Oman, in The Mystics, Ascetics, and Saints of India (1905) ... seven ... classical planets in Indian astrology ... and twelve, the number of signs of the zodiac. ... Matthew Kapstein gives .. a numerological point of view ... 3+4=7 ... 3x4=12 ...
- ^ Yoga Institute (Santacruz East Bombay India) (1988). Cyclopaedia Yoga. Yoga Institute. p. 32.
- ^ Mallinson & Singleton 2017, pp. 116–119.
- ^ Mallinson & Singleton 2017, pp. 91, 116–119.
Sources
edit- Mallinson, James; Singleton, Mark (2017). Roots of Yoga. Penguin Classics. London: Penguin Books. ISBN 978-0-241-25304-5. OCLC 928480104.
- Srinivasa (2003). Gharote, M. L.; Devnath, Parimal (eds.). Haṭharatnāvalī (a treatise on Haṭhayoga) of Śrīnivāsayogi. Lonavala Yoga Institute (India). ISBN 978-81-901176-9-2. OCLC 52846127.
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