Haji Bayram Veli (Turkish: Hacı Bayram-ı Veli) (1352–1430) was an Ottoman poet, Sufi saint, and the founder of the Bayrami Order.[4] He also composed a number of hymns.[4] He was a follower of the Hanbali Madhhab in jurisprudence[1] and a follower of the Maturidi Aqidah in theology.[2]
Hacı Bayram-ı Veli | |
|---|---|
 The cenotaph of Hacı Bayram Veli | |
| Personal | |
| Born | 1352 CE Solfasol Village, Ankara |
| Died | 1430 (aged 77–78) |
| Resting place | Hacı Bayram Mosque, Ulus, Ankara, Turkey |
| Religion | Islam |
| Era | Medieval |
| Region | Anatolia |
| Denomination | Sunni[1] |
| Jurisprudence | Hanbali[1] |
| Creed | Maturidi[2] |
| Tariqa | Bayrami[3] |
| Muslim leader | |
Influenced by | |
Influenced | |
Biography
editEarly life
editHe lived between 1352 and 1430. His original name was Numan, he changed it to Bayram after he met his spiritual leader Somunju Baba during the festival of Eid ul-Adha (called Kurban Bayramı in Turkish).
Foundation and spread of Bayrami Order
editThe two mystics, Shāikh Hāmeed’ūd-Dīn-ee Wālī (Somunju Baba) and Haji Bayram, were living in the city of Bursa when they made the Hajj (pilgrimage to Mecca) together. During this holy journey Hāmeed’ūd-Dīn-ee Wālī continued to teach sufism. Shāikh Hāmeed’ūd-Dīn died in 1412 passing his authority to Haji Bayram Wali, who returned to Ankara as the sheikh (leader) of a Tariqa called Bayrami.[3] He built a Dervish lodge on the site in Ankara where his tomb and mosque stand today. People came to stay there and learn about Sufism. The order grew popular with Bayram's successful teaching.
The growth of the order perturbed some local authorities; they shared their worries with the Ottoman Sultan Murad II, who called Haji Bayram to Edirne (the capital of the Ottoman Empire at that time). The Sultan wanted to test the opinions, doctrine and the patriotism of the order. At this time in Anatolia there were many independent Turkish clans with little unity among them.
Haji Bayram took another scholar, his murid Akshemsaddin (Aqq-Shams’ūd-Dīn) (“Ak” means “The Pure White” in Turkish), with him to Edirne to meet the Sultan. Murad soon understood that the complaints against Bayram were merely rumours and Haji Bayram and Akshemseddin stayed for a while in Edirne, lecturing and preaching to the court. He had more private consultations with the Sultan in which they discussed matters of the world, life and the future.
In particular the Sultan was concerned with the conquest of Constantinople, the Byzantine capital that the armies of Islam had struggled to conquer without success. The Sultan asked Bayram directly, "Who will conquer the city?" The reply came: "You will not. But this baby shall. You and I will not be alive at the time of that conquest. But my student Akshemseddin will be there." The baby was the Sultan's son, the future Mehmed II, who would conquer the city (which later became known as Istanbul) in 1453 and receive the title Fatih (meaning the conqueror).
Haji Bayram requested that his student Akshemseddin be the teacher of the baby Mehmed, and Sultan Murad agreed. Haji Bayram made a few more trips to Edirne until he died in 1430 in Ankara, passing the leadership of his order to Akshemseddin. His tomb[3] and the mosque dedicated to him are in Ankara.[5]
Haji Bayram Veli is considered by all Sufi Turuq to be a Qutb or Ghous, which is the greatest rank a Wali (saint) can achieve.[6]
See also
editReferences
edit- ^ a b c Balcıoğlu, Tahir Harimî, Türk Tarihinde Mezhep Cereyanları - The course of madhhab events in Turkish history, (Preface and notes by Hilmi Ziya Ülken), Ahmet Sait Press, 271 pages, Kanaat Publications, Istanbul, 1940. (in Turkish)
- ^ a b Alpyağıl, Recep (28 November 2016). "Māturīdī". Oxford Bibliographies – Islamic Studies. Oxford: Oxford University Press. doi:10.1093/obo/9780195390155-0232. Archived from the original on 18 March 2017.
- ^ a b c Taji-Farouki, Suha (2007) Beshara and Ibn 'Arabi: a movement of Sufi spirituality in the modern world, Anqa, Oxford, England, page 158, ISBN 978-1-905937-00-4
- ^ a b Levine, Lynn A. (editor) (2006) "Hacı Bayram Mosque (Hacı Bayram Camii)" Frommer's Turkey (4th edition) Wiley, Hoboken, New Jersey, page 371, ISBN 0-471-78556-3
- ^ Davis, Ben (editor) (2003) Let's Go Turkey St. Martin's Press, New York, page 398, ISBN 0-312-30597-4
- ^ "ŞÂBÂN-ı VELÎ - TDV İslâm Ansiklopedisi". TDV İslam Ansiklopedisi (in Turkish). Retrieved 2022-04-28.
External links
edit