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Hamengkubuwono II

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Hamengkubuwono II (also spelled Hamengkubuwana II, 7 March 1750 – 3 January 1828), born Raden Mas Sundoro,[1] was the second sultan of Yogyakarta 1792–1810,[2] 1811–12[3] and finally 1826–28 during the Java War.

Hamengkubuwono II
Sri Sultan Hamengkubuwono II, Sultan Sepuh
Sultan of Yogyakarta
First reign2 April 1792 – 31 December 1810
PredecessorHamengkubuwono I
SuccessorHamengkubuwono III
Second reign28 December 1811 – 20 June 1812
PredecessorHamengkubuwono III
SuccessorHamengkubuwono III
Third reign20 September 1826 – 3 January 1828
PredecessorHamengkubuwono V
SuccessorHamengkubuwono V
BornGusti Raden Mas Sundoro
(1750-03-07)7 March 1750
Mount Sindoro, Central Java
Died3 January 1828(1828-01-03) (aged 77)
Yogyakarta
Burial
Kotagede, Yogyakarta
Wives
  • GKR Kedhaton
  • GKR Hemas
  • GKR Kencono Wulan
  • GKR Sultan
  • 27 concubines
IssueHamengkubuwono III
Regnal name
Ngarsa Dalem Sampeyan Dalem Ingkang Sinuwun Kanjeng Sultan Hamengkubuwana Senapati-ing-Ngalaga 'Abdurrahman Sayyidin Panatagama Khalifatullah ingkang Jumeneng Kaping Kalih ing Ngayogyakarta Hadiningrat
HouseMataram
FatherHamengkubuwono I
MotherGusti Kanjeng Ratu Kadipaten
ReligionIslam

He succeeded his father, Hamengkubuwono I who died in 1792. After Daendels pressured him, in December 1810, he was forced to abdicate in favour of his son, Raden Mas Surojo[1] who was made the new sultan, under the name Hamengkubuwono III. However, nearly one year later, in 1811, the English under Stamford Raffles restored him to the throne. However, due to his aggressive behaviour towards the English,[1] six months later in June 1812, he was deposed and exiled to Penang. He returned to Java in 1815, but in 1817, deeming him as a threat, he was exiled for the second time by the Dutch, this time to Ambon.[1]

In 1826, the Dutch decided to return him from exile and restored him as the sultan. His third reign coincided with the Java War. On 3 January 1828, he died. He was succeeded by his great-grandson, Hamengkubuwono V. He was buried in Kotagede[1] instead of the royal graveyard of Imogiri, due to the turbulence at the time.

Notes

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  1. ^ a b c d e crew, kraton. "Sri Sultan Hamengku Buwono II". kratonjogja.id. Retrieved 3 October 2022.
  2. ^ Ricklefs, M. C. (1981) A history of modern Indonesia since c.1300 to the present Basingstoke: Palgrave. ISBN 0333243803 (pbk.) page 101 re ruling dates
  3. ^ Daendels stood down HBII in favour of his son Hamengkubuwono III

Family

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Queen Consorts

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  1. Gusti Kanjeng Ratu Kedhaton
    daughter of Kanjeng Raden Tumenggung Purwadiningrat of Magetan.
  2. Gusti Kanjeng Ratu Hemas
    daughter of Kanjeng Pangeran Harya Pakuningrat and Gusti Kanjeng Ratu Alit. She was a granddaughter of Pakubuwana II by maternal side.
  3. Gusti Kanjeng Ratu Kencana Wulan
    daughter of Ki Bener.
  4. Gusti Kanjeng Ratu Sultan
    daughter of Kanjeng Raden Tumenggung Resagata of Sukawati.

Notable Children

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  1. Gusti Raden Mas Suraja
    son of GKR. Kedhaton, then Hamengkubuwana III.
  2. Kanjeng Gusti Pangeran Haryo Mangkudiningrat
    son of GKR Hemas. Great-great-grandfather of Sukarno.
  3. Gusti Kanjeng Ratu Hangger
    daughter of GKR. Kedhaton. Married to Danureja II, Patih Yogyakarta.
  4. Gusti Kanjeng Ratu Maduratna
    daughter of GKR. Kedhaton. Married to Kanjeng Raden Tumenggung Rangga Prawiradirja III of Magetan.
  5. Gusti Kanjeng Ratu Hayu
    daughter of GKR. Kencana Wulan. Married to Paku Alam II of Yogyakarta.
  6. Gusti Kanjeng Ratu Anom
    daughter of GKR. Kencana Wulan. Married to Kanjeng Pangeran Harya Purwanegara.
  7. Gusti Kanjeng Ratu Sasi
    daughter of GKR. Kencana Wulan. Married to Danureja III, Patih Yogyakarta.
  8. Gusti Pangeran Haryo Mangkubumi / Kanjeng Gusti Panembahan Mangkurat
    son of GKR. Kedhaton. main supporters of Pangeran Diponegoro and one of his commander war in chief.
  9. Bendoro Pangeran Haryo Joyokusumo / Bendoro Pangeran Haryo Hangabehi
    son of Bendoro Mas Ayu Sumarsonowati. his maternal side are one of the sultan concubine, whom was Javanese-Chinese ethnic or commonly known as Peranakan Chinese. one of Pangeran Diponegoro beloved uncle and loyal supporters. in Java War he acted as war strategist and battlefield commander

Notable Descendant

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  1. Diponegoro son of Gusti Raden Mas Suraja. an Indonesian National Hero who resisted Dutch colonial rule during Java War (1825-1830).
  2. Sukarno Great-great-grandson of Kanjeng Gusti Pangeran Haryo Mangkudiningratson of GKR Hemas. Indonesian Founding Father and the first president of Indonesia.
  3. Freya Jayawardana a member of JKT48. in her 17th Birthday, she received a noble title "Raden Roro."

See also

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Regnal titles
Preceded by Sultan of Yogyakarta (First Reign)
1792–1810 		Succeeded by
Preceded by Sultan of Yogyakarta (Second Reign)
1811–1812 		Succeeded by
Preceded by Sultan of Yogyakarta (Third Reign)
1826–1828 		Succeeded by
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