Islamic and National Revolution Movement of Afghanistan
The Islamic Revolutionary Movement of Afghanistan (Harakat-i-Inqilab-i-Islami, Dari: حرکت انقلاب اسلامی افغانستان) is a traditionalist Islamist political party. It was once one of the biggest Afghan mujahideen factions fighting against Soviet forces during the Soviet–Afghan War. Mohammad Nabi Mohammadi was the leader of the group at the time.
| Islamic Revolutionary Movement of Afghanistan | |
|---|---|
| حرکت انقلاب اسلامی افغانستان | |
| Leaders | Mohammad Nabi Mohammadi (until 2002) Ahmad Nabi Muhammadi (2002–2015) Mawlawi Qalam u Din Mohmand (2015–present) |
| Ideology | |
| Political position | Right-wing |
| Part of | Afghan Mujahideen (1979–1989) Interim Afghan Government (1989–1992) |
| Allies |  United States  United Kingdom Saudi Arabia Pakistan Kuwait (1991)Non-state Allies:  Hezb-e Islami Gulbuddin  Jamiat-e Islami |
| Opponents |  Democratic Republic of Afghanistan  Soviet Union (1979–89) Iraq (1991) |
| Battles and wars | |
| Website | www.hiia.info |
History
editThe movement was one of the seven Peshawar parties. As a mujahideen group, it operated in the southern and eastern Afghan provinces of Kandahar, Helmand, Uruzgan, Ghazni, Paktika, and Wardak. However, it was not as strong or influential a group as Gulbuddin Hekmatyar's Hezb-i-Islami or Ahmad Shah Massoud's forces. It became recognized as the second most important of the seven parties in 1981 (after Jamiat-i Islami), but support was eroded by 1984. The group lacked a clear political aim other than Afghan traditionalism and Islamism.[1]
During the 1990s the group fell into decay. Initially it joined the government of Burhanuddin Rabbani, but in 1993 left and forbade its members from taking part in the ongoing battles. When the Taliban emerged, Mohammadi dissolved the group and urged its members to join it.[2] Some of its members had international inspirations, going to Kuwait to fight against Ba'athist Iraq during the Gulf War.[3] The movement was also weakened by the founding of the breakaway National and Islamic Prosperity Party of Afghanistan, formed by Maulawi Muhammad Osman Salekzada, which captured much of the HIIs following in northern Afghanistan.[4]
After the death of its leader, Mohammed Nabi Mohamadi, in Pakistan, the leadership of the movement was taken over by his son Ahmad Nabi Muhammadi. Under its new leadership the name of the movement was changed to Islamic and National Revolution Movement of Afghanistan (Harakat-e Inqilab-e Islami wa Melli-ye Afghanistan). In April 2005, it joined the National Understanding Front of Afghanistan, a coalition of 12 opposition parties. The front did however not last long.[4]
In 2015, the party named a new leader: Mawlawi Qalam U Din Mohmand.[citation needed] Harakat members created public attention when it held a gathering to commemorate the late Taliban founder, Mullah Omar (who was a Harakat member during the Soviet-Afghan War), provoking a wave of outrage. The party has been relaunched a few times, and in its latest interviews emphasised "peace" as the party's priority. A member of Harakat's ulema council asked the Taliban to leave the traitorous and hypocrit[ic]al country of Pakistan."[2]
References
edit- ^ Amstutz, J. Bruce (1994). Afghanistan: The First Five Years of Soviet Occupation. Diane Publishing. ISBN 978-0-7881-1111-2. OCLC 948347893.
- ^ a b https://www.afghanistan-analysts.org/en/reports/political-landscape/ [dead link]
- ^ "DESERT SHIELD AND DESERT STORM A CHRONOLOGY AND TROOP LIST FOR THE 1990–1991 PERSIAN GULF CRISIS" (PDF). apps.dtic.mil. Archived (PDF) from the original on April 12, 2019. Retrieved 2018-12-18.
- ^ a b "Archived copy" (PDF). Archived from the original (PDF) on 2013-05-24. Retrieved 2009-03-27.
{{cite web}}: CS1 maint: archived copy as title (link)