Harpadon nehereus (common names include Bombay duck, bummalo, bombil, bombili, boomla, bumla, lote, loitta) is a species of lizardfish. Adults may reach a maximum length of 40 cm (16 in), but the usual size is around 25 cm (10 in).[2]
| Bombay duck | |
|---|---|
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Scientific classification 
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| Domain: | Eukaryota |
| Kingdom: | Animalia |
| Phylum: | Chordata |
| Class: | Actinopterygii |
| Order: | Aulopiformes |
| Family: | Synodontidae |
| Genus: | Harpadon |
| Species: | H. nehereus
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| Binomial name | |
| Harpadon nehereus (F. Hamilton, 1822)
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Etymology
editBombay duck caught in Bombay (now Mumbai) was traditionally dried in the sun, becoming pungent with a strong salty taste. Fried and crumbled, it became a popular condiment in Anglo-Indian cookery.[3]
An 1829 book of poems and "Indian reminiscences" published under the pseudonym 'Sir Toby Rendrag' notes the "use of a fish nick-named 'Bombay Duck'"[4] and the phrase is used in texts as early as 1815.[5]
Distribution and fisheries
editThe Bombay duck lives in the tropical areas of the Indo-Pacific, with a discontinuous distribution along the Indian coast. It has traditionally been caught in the waters off Maharashtra, Gujarat in the Lakshadweep Sea, where it is an important item of the yearly catch. It is fished in the Bay of Bengal and the South China Sea in smaller numbers.[6]
International availability
editFollowing the discovery of a batch of imported seafood contaminated by Salmonella in 1996, the European Commission prohibited fish imports from India other than from approved freezing and canning factories. As Bombay duck is not produced in a factory, this meant it too was banned. After a campaign to "Save Bombay Duck", the Indian High Commission approached the European Commission, which adjusted its regulations so that the fish can still be dried in the open air, but has to be packed in an "EC approved" packing station. A Birmingham wholesale merchant located a packing source in Mumbai, and the product became available again.[7][8]
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Fresh Bombay duck for sale in Kolkata -
Bombay duck drying in open air -
Dried Bombay duck for sale in Maharashtra
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References
edit- ^ Russell, B.; Govender, A. & Borsa, P. (2019). "Harpadon nehereus". IUCN Red List of Threatened Species. 2019: e.T75143569A75144431. doi:10.2305/IUCN.UK.2019-2.RLTS.T75143569A75144431.en. Retrieved 22 August 2022.
- ^ Froese, Rainer; Pauly, Daniel (eds.). "Harpadon nehereus". FishBase. August 2022 version. 260.
- ^ Collingham, Lizzie (2006) [2005 (Chatto & Windus)]. Curry: A Tale of Cooks and Conquerors. London: Vintage Books. pp. 116, 121. ISBN 978-0-099-43786-4.
- ^ Toby Rendrag (sir, pseud.), Poems, original, lyrical, and satirical, containing Indian reminiscences of the late sir Toby Rendrag, Publ. 1829 W. Boyls page 26
- ^ A. Clark, William Combe, Paddy Hew: a poem : from the brain of Timothy Tarpaulin, Printed for Whittingham and Arliss, 1815, 195 pages, page 86
- ^ "Harpadon nehereus". Integrated Taxonomic Information System. Retrieved 18 April 2006.
- ^ "Save Bombay Duck". Bombay-duck.co.uk. 16 December 2003. Retrieved 25 July 2009.
- ^ "Bombay Duck bounces back". BBC News. BBC. 12 December 2000. Retrieved 12 October 2017.
External links
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Media related to Harpadon nehereus at Wikimedia Commons
