Hassan Ebrahim Habibi (Persian: حسن حبیبی; 29 January[citation needed] 1937 – 31 January 2013) was an Iranian politician, lawyer, scholar and the first vice president from 1989 until 2001 under Presidents Akbar Hashemi Rafsanjani and Mohammad Khatami. He was also a member of the High Council of Cultural Revolution and head of Academy of Persian Language and Literature from 2004 until his death in 2013.
Hassan Habibi | |
|---|---|
حسن حبیبی | |
 Habibi in 1980 | |
| First Secretary of the Expediency Discernment Council | |
| In office 12 April 1997 – 9 September 1997 | |
| Appointed by | Akbar Hashemi Rafsanjani |
| Chairman | Akbar Hashemi Rafsanjani |
| Preceded by | Office established |
| Succeeded by | Mohsen Rezaee |
| Member of Expediency Discernment Council | |
| In office 8 May 1991 – 31 January 2013 | |
| Appointed by | Ali Khamenei |
| Chairman | Akbar Hashemi Rafsanjani |
| 1st First Vice President of Iran | |
| In office 21 August 1989 – 26 August 2001 | |
| President | Akbar Hashemi Rafsanjani Mohammad Khatami |
| Preceded by | Office established |
| Succeeded by | Mohammad-Reza Aref |
| Supervisor of Presidential Administration of Iran | |
| In office 5 September 1989 – 3 August 1997 | |
| President | Akbar Hashemi Rafsanjani |
| Preceded by | Mostafa Mir-Salim |
| Succeeded by | Mohammad Hashemi Rafsanjani |
| Minister of Justice | |
| In office 15 August 1984 – 29 August 1989 | |
| President | Ali Khamenei |
| Prime Minister | Mir-Hossein Mousavi |
| Preceded by | Mohammad Asghari |
| Succeeded by | Esmail Shooshtari |
| Member of the Parliament of Iran | |
| In office 28 May 1980 – 28 May 1984 | |
| Constituency | Tehran, Rey and Shemiranat |
| Majority | 1,552,478 (72.7%) |
| Minister of Culture and Higher Education | |
| In office 1 October 1979 – 28 May 1980 | |
| Prime Minister | Mehdi Bazargan |
| Preceded by | Ali Shariatmadari |
| Succeeded by | Hassan Arefi |
| Personal details | |
| Born | Hassan Ebrahim Habibi 29 January 1937[citation needed] Tehran, Imperial State of Iran |
| Died | 31 January 2013 (aged 76) Tehran, Iran |
| Political party |
|
| Spouse | Shafigheh Rahideh[1] |
| Awards | .svg){kind=small} Excellent Order of Independence[2] Order of Knowledge (1st class)[3] |
Early life and education
editHabibi studied sociology in France.[4][5] He held a PhD in law and sociology. When he was a university student he visited Khomeini while the latter was in exile.[6]
Career
editHabibi was tasked by Ayatollah Khomeini to draft the prospective constitution of Iran when the latter was in exile in Paris.[7] His version was heavily modified due to criticisms and the final text was approved by the election in November 1979.[5]
Following the Iranian revolution, Habibi was named public spokesman for the revolutionary council.[8] He was among the main architects of the first draft of Constitution of the Islamic Republic of Iran, which was later passed for more discussion to an elected Assembly of Experts for Constitution.[citation needed] The assembly made significant changes in the original draft, e.g. by introducing the new position of "leader of the Islamic Republic" based on Khomeini's concept of Guardianship of the Islamic Jurists, which gave almost unlimited power to the clergy. The modified version was approved in a popular referendum in 1979. In the 1980 presidential election, Habibi ran for office, but received only ten percent of the vote against Banisadr's seventy percent.[9] Habibi was backed by Mohammad Beheshti in the election process.[9] In the same year he won a parliamentary seat, being a representative of the Islamic Republican Party.[10]
Habibi served as the minister of justice under Prime Minister Mousavi. He was first vice president of Iran from 1989 to 2001, eight years under President Rafsanjani and then four years under President Khatami.[citation needed] He was replaced by Mohammad Reza Aref in the post in Khatami's second term. He was also head of the Academy of Persian Language and Literature[11] and a member of the Expediency Council.[12]
Death
editHabibi died on 31 January 2013. He was buried at the mausoleum of Imam Khomeini in Tehran on 1 February.[12] The funeral service was attended by leading Iranian political figures, including President Ahmedinejad.[12]
Work
editHabibi is the author of several books, including God (1981), Society, Culture, Politics (1984), Islam and the Crisis of Our Time (1984), In the Mirror Of Rights: Views Of International Rights, Comparative Rights And Sociology (1988), Seeking the Roots (editing & translation) (1994), Casework of An Ages Student (1997), One Word Out Of Thousands (2 vol.) (1998-2001) and General International Rights (2 vol.) (2003).[13]
Political affiliation
editHabibi was director of the National Front publications in Europe during the 1960s. In the capacity, he was involved in publication and distribution of Payam-e-Daneshjou, organ of the party's student wing.[14]
Habibi was a member of the Freedom Movement of Iran, before he defected to the Islamic Republican Party after the Iranian Revolution.[15]
References
edit- ^ Dana Dabir (7 March 2011). همسران حکومتی؛ از حاشیه تا متن [Governmental spouses; from the margin to the text]. Khodnevis (in Persian). Archived from the original on 4 August 2012. Retrieved 7 March 2011.
- ^ اعطای نشان عالی استقلال به آقای حسن حبیبی معاون اول رئیسجمهور [Endowing the Excellent Order of Independence to Mr. Hassan Habibi, First Vice President]. Iranian Parliament (in Persian). 26 July 1997. Archived from the original on 4 August 2021. Retrieved 15 April 2016.
- ^ نشانهای دولتی در روزهای پایانی خاتمی و احمدینژاد به چه کسانی رسید؟. Tasnim News Agency (in Persian). 24 August 2013. Retrieved 15 April 2016.
- ^ Chehabi, H. E. (Summer 1991). "Religion and Politics in Iran: How Theocratic Is the Islamic Republic?". Daedalus. 120 (3): 69–91. JSTOR 20025388.
- ^ a b Randjbar-Daemi, Siavush (2013). "Building the Islamic State: The Draft Constitution of 1979 Reconsidered". Iranian Studies. 46 (4): 641–663. doi:10.1080/00210862.2013.784519. S2CID 143669454.
- ^ Paola Rivetti (February 2012). "Islamic Republic: Shaping Iran's politics through the campus" (Chaillot Papers). In Rouzbeh Parsi (ed.). Iran: A Revolutionary Republic in Transition. Paris: Institute for Security Studies European Union. ISBN 978-92-9198-198-4. Retrieved 27 July 2013.
- ^ Akhavi, Shahrough (2008). "The Thought and Role of Ayatollah Hossein'ali Montazeri in the Politics of Post-1979 Iran". Iranian Studies. 41 (5): 645–666. doi:10.1080/00210860802518301. S2CID 143617528.
- ^ Rubin, Barry (1980). Paved with Good Intentions (PDF). New York: Penguin Books. p. 284. Archived from the original (PDF) on 21 October 2013. Retrieved 2 August 2013.
- ^ a b Rouleau, Eric (1980). "Khomenei's Iran". Foreign Affairs. 59 (1): 1–20. doi:10.2307/20040651. JSTOR 20040651.
- ^ Bahman Baktiari (1996). Parliamentary Politics in Revolutionary Iran: The Institutionalization of Factional Politics. Gainesville, FL: University Press of Florida. p. 69. ISBN 978-0813014616. Archived from the original on 25 December 2018.
- ^ "Iranologists condemn deliberate distortion of Persian Gulf's name". Payvand. 24 December 2004. Archived from the original on 18 August 2016. Retrieved 6 August 2013.
- ^ a b c "Iran's former first vice president laid to rest". Tehran Times. 1 February 2013. Archived from the original on 5 October 2013. Retrieved 6 August 2013.
- ^ "Dr. Hassan Habibi". Eve Literary Agency. Archived from the original on 21 February 2013. Retrieved 2 February 2013.
- ^ Vahabzadeh, Peyman (2019), A Rebel's Journey: Mostafa Sho'aiyan and Revolutionary Theory in Iran, Oneworld Publications, pp. 15, 32, ISBN 9781786076212
- ^ Chehabi, Houchang Esfandiar (1986). Modernist Shi'ism and Politics: The Liberation Movement of Iran (PhD Dissertation). Vol. I/II. Yale University. p. 544. ASIN B0007CAVDC.
External links
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Media related to Hasan Habibi at Wikimedia Commons
