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Commissioner of Health of the City of New York

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The commissioner of health of the City of New York is the head of the city's Department of Health and Mental Hygiene. The commissioner is appointed by the Mayor of New York City, and also serves on the city's Board of Health with the chairperson of the Department's Mental Hygiene Advisory Board and nine other members appointed by the mayor.[1][2][3]

Commissioner of Health of the City of New York
Incumbent
Michelle E. Morse (interim)
Acting 
since October 18, 2024; 40 days ago (2024-10-18)
New York City Department of Health and Mental Hygiene
StyleDoctor
Member ofGovernment of New York City
Reports toNew York City Deputy Mayor, Health and Human Services
AppointerMayor of New York City
Term lengthAt the pleasure of the mayor
Constituting instrumentNew York City Charter
FormationApril 27, 1870; 154 years ago (1870-04-27)
First holderJoseph Bosworth
Unofficial namesNew York City Health Commissioner
Website/www1.nyc.gov/site/doh/about/about-doh/the-commissioner.page

History

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The Metropolitan Board of Health, which was the predecessor agency to the Department of Health and consisted of sanitary and vital statistics bureaus, had its first meeting on March 5, 1866.[4] The modern Department of Health, under a single commissioner, was formed by the New York City Charter revision pursuant to Chapter 137 of the Laws of 1870 passed by the New York State legislature. In the early years after its formation, commissioners were sometimes political appointments, with no experience in medicine or related fields.[5] In 2002, the Department of Health was merged with the Department of Mental Health, Mental Retardation and Alcoholism Services to form the Department of Health and Mental Hygiene.[2]

Qualifications

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City regulations currently require that the commissioner of health must be a doctor of medicine, and have either

  • an M.P.H. degree, an M.B.A. or M.P.A. degree with concentration in the health field, or an equivalent degree and at least five years' teaching experience college or university public health, or
  • at least five years' experience in public health administration.[6]

Duties

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According to the New York City Charter, the commissioner is broadly responsible for preparing plans for construction and operation of medical and health care facilities and establishing their priorities, has the power to compel the testimony of witnesses and produce reports and documents in matters regarding health, and assess penalties up to $1,000 for violations or failures to comply with health notices or regulations.[7] These duties involve regulating and overseeing matters ranging from reportable contagious diseases,[8] to registration of birth and deaths,[9] restaurant inspections,[10] selling food from carts,[11] selling tobacco products to minors and monitoring of smoking in public areas,[12] regulation of wild animals,[13] and sending health alerts to the public and doctors.[14]

List of commissioners of health of the City of New York

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List of commissioners of health of the City of New York
Name Dates in office Mayoral administration
1 Joseph Bosworth[15] April 27, 1870 – May 8, 1873 Abraham Oakey Hall
2 Charles F. Chandler,[16] Ph.D. May 8, 1873 – June 12, 1883 William F. Havemeyer, Samuel B. H. Vance, William H. Wickham,
Smith Ely, Jr., Edward Cooper, William Russell Grace, Franklin Edson
3 Alexander Shaler[17][18] June 13, 1883 – March 7, 1887 Franklin Edson, William Russell Grace, Abram S. Hewitt
vacant[19] March 7, 1887 – March 14, 1887 Abram S. Hewitt
4 James C. Bayles[20] March 14, 1887 – May 1889 Abram S. Hewitt, Hugh J. Grant
5 Charles G. Wilson[5][21] May 1889 – January 1, 1898 Hugh J. Grant, Thomas F. Gilroy, William L. Strong
6 Nathan Straus[22][23] January 1, 1898 – March 3, 1898 Robert Van Wyck
7 Michael Cotter Murphy[24][25] March 3, 1898 – February 22, 1901 Robert Van Wyck
8 John B. Sexton[26][27] February 22, 1901 – January 1, 1902 Robert Van Wyck
9 Ernst J. Lederle,[28][29] Ph.D. January 1, 1902 – January 1, 1904 Seth Low
10 Thomas Darlington,[30][31] M.D. January 1, 1904 – January 9, 1910 George B. McClellan, Jr.
11 Ernst J. Lederle,[32][29] Ph.D. January 9, 1910 – January 19, 1914 William J. Gaynor, Ardolph L. Kline
12 Sigismund Schulz Goldwater,[33][34] M.D. January 19, 1914 – November 1, 1915 John P. Mitchel
13 Haven G. Emerson,[35] M.D. November 1, 1915 – January 15, 1918 John P. Mitchel
14 J. Lewis Amster,[36][37] M.D. January 15, 1918 – April 29, 1918 John F. Hylan
15 Royal S. Copeland,[38][39] M.D. April 29, 1918 – March 7, 1923 John F. Hylan
16 Frank J. Monaghan,[40] M.D. March 7, 1923 – January 1, 1926 John F. Hylan
17 Louis I. Harris,[41][42] M.D. January 1, 1926 – August 1, 1928 Jimmy Walker
18 Shirley W. Wynne,[43][44][45] M.D. August 1, 1928 – August 17, 1928 (acting)
August 17, 1928 – January 1, 1934		 Jimmy Walker, Joseph V. McKee, John P. O'Brien
19 John L. Rice,[46] M.D. January 1, 1934 – July 16, 1942 Fiorello H. La Guardia
20 Ernest Lyman Stebbins,[47][48] M.D. July 16, 1942 – March 4, 1946 Fiorello H. La Guardia, William O'Dwyer
21 Edward M. Bernecker,[49][50] M.D. March 4, 1946 – March 13, 1946 William O'Dwyer
22 Israel Weinstein,[51][52] M.D. March 13, 1946 – November 3, 1947 William O'Dwyer
23 Harry Stoll Mustard,[53][54] M.D. November 3, 1947 – January 1, 1950 William O'Dwyer
24 John Friend Mahoney,[55][56] M.D. January 1, 1950 – January 1, 1954 William O'Dwyer, Vincent R. Impellitteri
25 Leona Baumgartner,[57][58][59] M.D. January 1, 1954 – October 2, 1962 Robert F. Wagner, Jr.
26 George James,[60][61][62] M.D., M.P.H. October 2, 1962 – October 30, 1962 (acting)
October 30, 1962 – October 1965		 Robert F. Wagner, Jr.
— John R. Philp,[63] M.D. October 1965 – January 14, 1966 (acting) Robert F. Wagner, Jr., John V. Lindsay
— Arthur Bushel,[64] D.D.S., M.P.H. January 14, 1966 – June 1, 1966 (acting) John V. Lindsay
27 Howard Junior Brown,[65][66] M.D. June 1, 1966 – December 15, 1966 John V. Lindsay
28 Edward O'Rourke,[67][68] M.D. December 15, 1966 – May 28, 1969 John V. Lindsay
29 Mary C. McLaughlin,[69] M.D., M.P.H. May 28, 1969 – January 17, 1972 John V. Lindsay
30 Joseph Anthony Cimino,[70][71] M.D., M.P.H. January 17, 1972 – January 7, 1974 John V. Lindsay
31 Lowell E. Bellin,[72][73] M.D., M.P.H. January 7, 1974 – January 3, 1977 Abraham D. Beame
32 Pascal James Imperato,[74] M.D., M.P.H., T.M. January 3, 1977 – March 31, 1978 Abraham D. Beame
33 Reinaldo Antonio Ferrer,[75][76] M.D., M.P.H. March 31, 1978 – November 28, 1981 Edward I. Koch
34 David Judson Sencer,[77][78] M.D., M.P.H. November 28, 1981 – March 11, 1986 Edward I. Koch
35 Stephen C. Joseph,[79] M.D., M.P.H. March 11, 1986 – March 30, 1990 Edward I. Koch
36 Woody Myers, Jr.,[80][81] M.D., M.B.A. March 30, 1990 – June 11, 1991 David N. Dinkins
37 Margaret Hamburg,[82][83] M.D. June 11, 1991 – December 24, 1991 (acting)
December 24, 1991 – April 15, 1997		 David Dinkins, Rudolph W. Giuliani
— Benjamin Mojica,[84][85][86] M.D. April 15, 1997 – January 14, 1998 (acting) Rudolph W. Giuliani
38 Neal L. Cohen,[87] M.D. January 14, 1998 – end of January, 2002 Rudolph W. Giuliani
39 Thomas R. Frieden,[88] M.D., M.P.H. end of January, 2002 – May 15, 2009 Michael R. Bloomberg
40 Thomas A. Farley,[89] M.D., M.P.H. May 18, 2009 – January 16, 2014 Michael R. Bloomberg
41 Mary Travis Bassett,[90][91] M.D., M.P.H. January 16, 2014 – August 31, 2018 Bill de Blasio
42 Oxiris Barbot,[92][93][94] M.D. September 1, 2018 – December 19, 2018 (acting)
December 19, 2018 – August 4, 2020		 Bill de Blasio
43 Dave A. Chokshi,[94][95] M.D. August 4, 2020 – March 15, 2022 Bill de Blasio, Eric Adams
44 Ashwin Vasan,[95][96][97] M.D. March 15, 2022 – October 18, 2024 Eric Adams
— Michelle E. Morse,[98] M.D., M.P.H. October 18, 2024 – current (interim) Eric Adams

References

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  1. ^ "List of Commissioners". www.nyc.gov. New York City Department of Health and Mental Hygiene. Archived from the original on 10 December 2015. Retrieved 8 December 2015.
  2. ^ a b "Protecting Public Health in New York City: 200 Years of Leadership 1805-2005" (PDF). www.nyc.gov/. New York City Department of Health and Mental Hygiene. Archived from the original (PDF) on 4 March 2016. Retrieved 8 December 2015.
  3. ^ "New York City Board of Health". nyc.gov. New York City Department of Health and Mental Hygiene. Archived from the original on 18 December 2015. Retrieved 18 December 2015.
  4. ^ "City Health Board to Mark 75th Year – La Guardia, Rice and Six Ex-Commissioners to Take Part in Ceremonies Wednesday – Agency Had Two Bureaus – Now Has 11 and Personnel of 2,700 – Ten-Year Civic Fight Preceded Establishment". The New York Times. March 2, 1941. p. 44. Retrieved 22 December 2015.
  5. ^ a b "Grant Picks Out New Men – He Makes Many Changes in City Offices – Men Unknown in Public Life Appointed to Responsible Places – Politicians Displeased". The New York Times. May 3, 1889. p. 1. Retrieved 12 December 2015.
  6. ^ "Public Portal to the Laws of the City of New York, chapter 22, section 551". lawsofnyc.com. City of New York. Archived from the original on 23 December 2015. Retrieved 22 December 2015.
  7. ^ "Public Portal to the Laws of the City of New York, chapter 22, section 555". lawsofnyc.com. City of New York. Archived from the original on 23 December 2015. Retrieved 22 December 2015.
  8. ^ "Health Data Publications". nyc.gov. New York City Department of Health and Mental Hygiene. Archived from the original on 22 December 2015. Retrieved 18 December 2015.
  9. ^ "Data and Statistics". nyc.gov. New York City Department of Health and Mental Hygiene. Archived from the original on 10 December 2015. Retrieved 18 December 2015.
  10. ^ "Food and Restaurants". nyc.gov. New York City Department of Health and Mental Hygiene. Archived from the original on 20 December 2015. Retrieved 18 December 2015.
  11. ^ "Mobile Food Vendor Permit Checklist" (PDF). nyc.gov. New York City Department of Health and Mental Hygiene. Archived from the original (PDF) on 4 March 2016. Retrieved 18 December 2015.
  12. ^ "Smoking Legislation". nyc.gov. New York City Department of Health and Mental Hygiene. Archived from the original on 22 December 2015. Retrieved 18 December 2015.
  13. ^ "New York City Health Code – Article 161" (PDF). nyc.gov. New York City Department of Health and Mental Hygiene. Archived from the original (PDF) on 4 March 2016. Retrieved 18 December 2015.
  14. ^ "Health Alerts". nyc.gov. New York City Department of Health and Mental Hygiene. Archived from the original on 22 December 2015. Retrieved 18 December 2015.
  15. ^ "Board of Health – Progress of the Organization – Judge Bosworth Chosen President – Dismissal of Employees – Routine Proceedings". The New York Times. April 28, 1870. p. 8. Retrieved 10 December 2015.
  16. ^ "Common Council – The Mayor's Nominations Confirmed – Resolutions of Respect to the Late Chief-Justice Chase". The New York Times. May 9, 1873. p. 2. Retrieved 10 December 2015.
  17. ^ "Gen. Shaler Confirmed – The Aldermen and the New Health Commissioner". The New York Times. June 14, 1883. p. 8. Retrieved 10 December 2015.
  18. ^ "Gen. A. Shaler Dead in His 84th Year – Distinguished Civil War Veteran and Long Prominent in State National Guard – Ex-Head of Health Board – Also Former Fire Commissioner – President of Association of Union Ex-Prisoners of War". The New York Times. December 28, 1911. p. 9. Retrieved 23 December 2015.
  19. ^ "Gen. Shaler's Position – Reserving His Rights to Protest Against Removal". New York Times. March 8, 1887. p. 8. Retrieved 12 December 2015.
  20. ^ "In Gen. Shaler's Place – James C. Bayles Appointed and the Politicians Not Satisfied". The New York Times. March 15, 1887. p. 8. Retrieved 10 December 2015.
  21. ^ "Mayor Grant's Appointments". The New York Times. May 3, 1889. p. 4. Retrieved 10 December 2015.
  22. ^ "The New City Officials – As Announced by Mayor Van Wyck, the Slate Contains Some Surprises – Politicians Are Puzzled – Friends of Hugh J. Grant Seem to be Intentionally Ignored – The List as Given Out Yesterday". The New York Times. January 2, 1898. p. 1. Retrieved 10 December 2015.
  23. ^ "Nathan Straus Dies; Nation Mourns Loss of Philanthropist – End Comes in 83d Year After Illness That Began With Wife's Death Eight Months Ago – Two Children at Bedside – Third Is Summoned From Paris – Simple Funeral Tomorrow to Be Open to Public – Hoover Leads in Tributes – World-Wide Benefactions and Work for Zionism Extolled by Leaders In Many Fields". The New York Times. January 12, 1931. p. 1. Retrieved 25 December 2015.
  24. ^ "Commissioner Straus Out – President of the Board of Health Says His Business Needs Attention – Col. Murphy His Successor – Story that Mayor Van Wyck's Criticism of the Department's Affairs Is Responsible for the Resignation Is Disputed by Mr. Straus". The New York Times. March 4, 1898. p. 12. Retrieved 10 December 2015.
  25. ^ "Death of Col. Murphy – Ex-Police Commissioner Succumbs to Old Stomach Trouble – His Civil War Record and Varied Career in New York City Democratic Politics". The New York Times. March 5, 1903. p. 9. Retrieved 16 December 2015.
  26. ^ "Col. Murphy New Head of Police Force – Appoints Devery as His First Deputy Commissioner – Gov. Odell Indignant – Thinks Ex-Chief's Retention Is An Affront and May Remove the Mayor – John B. Sexton President of the Health Board". The New York Times. February 23, 1901. p. 1. Retrieved 9 December 2015.
  27. ^ "John B. Sexton, Ex-Sheriff, Dead – Former Police and Health Commissioner Was a Power in Tammany Ten Years Ago – Leader of Old Nineteenth – But Defeated In 1903 by James J. Hagan, Who Routed "Old Timers" with Backing of Murphy". The New York Times. April 2, 1910. p. 11. Retrieved 22 December 2015.
  28. ^ "New Chiefs in Control". The New York Times. January 2, 1902. p. 14. Retrieved 9 December 2015.
  29. ^ a b "Dr. E.J. Lederle Dies in Sanitarium – Man Twice City Health Commissioner Passed Away March 7 – Wife's Death Recent". The New York Times. March 15, 1921. p. 11. Retrieved 22 December 2015.
  30. ^ "New Mayor In Office – Col. McClellan's Address In Taking Over City Government – Promises to Administer Affairs in the Interest of All the People – Compliments His Predecessor on the Esteem Which He Has Earned". The New York Times. January 2, 1904. p. 14. Retrieved 9 December 2015.
  31. ^ "Darlington Dead; Health Crusader – Former City Commissioner Grand Sachem of Tammany, Stricken Up-State at 86 A Colorful Career Established Tubercular Institution". The New York Times. August 24, 1945. p. 19. Retrieved 22 December 2015.
  32. ^ "Stover, Parks Head; Lederle Is Placed – Dr. Darlington Superseded, as He Had Been Only Nominal Head of Health Department – Murphy Succeeds Butler – New Tenement House Commissioner Active in Reform Politics – Tammany Again Ignored by Mayor Gaynor". The New York Times. January 10, 1910. p. 1. Retrieved 10 December 2015.
  33. ^ "Goldwater Heads Board of Health – Dr. Lederle's Successor Known as Expert on Affairs of Hospitals – At Mount Sinai Ten Years – Mayor Expects to Name Water Commissioner and Corporation Counsel This Week". The New York Times. January 20, 1914. p. 6. Retrieved 10 December 2015.
  34. ^ "Dr. S.S. Goldwater is Dead Here at 69 – Ex-Commissioner of Hospitals World Authority on Building and Administration – Overhauled City System – Sponsor of '3-Cents-a-Day Plan' to Insure Care – An Ex-Health Department Chief". The New York Times. October 23, 1942. p. 21. Retrieved 22 December 2015.
  35. ^ "To Continue Health Rules – Dr. Emerson, New Commissioner, To Begin His Service Tomorrow". The New York Times. October 31, 1915. p. 18. Retrieved 10 December 2015.
  36. ^ "Dr. Amster Head of Health Board – Hylan Appoints President of Bronx County Medical Society in Emerson's Place – Friend of Arthur Murphy – Mayor Directs Department Heads to Select Employees from Civil Service Lists". The New York Times. January 16, 1918. p. 16. Retrieved 10 December 2015.
  37. ^ "Dr. J Lewis Amster, Surgeon, Ex-Health Commissioner, Dead". The New York Times. May 5, 1960. p. 35. Retrieved 22 December 2015.
  38. ^ "Assailing Hylan, Dr. Amster Quits As Health Head – Resigns Rather Than Remove Physicians of Advisory Council on Mayor's Order – Dr. Copeland in His Place – Retiring Executive Warns Hylan That "Present Chaos" Portends Federal Intervention – Mayor Will Not Change – He "Doesn't Give a Darn," and Will Run the Department as He Sees Fit". The New York Times. April 30, 1918. p. 1. Retrieved 10 December 2015.
  39. ^ "Senator Copeland Dies in Washington; Overwork Factor – Suffered Circulatory Collapse After Leaving Floor Just Before Adjournment – Committee Tasks Taxing – Political Effect of the Senator's Passing Likely to Be Large". The New York Times. June 18, 1938. p. 1. Retrieved 21 December 2015.
  40. ^ "Dr. F.J. Monaghan Succeeds Copeland – Is Appointed and Sworn In by Hylan as Health Commissioner – In City's Employ 5 Years – Served as Sanitary Superintendent – Is Neighbor of the Mayor In Brooklyn". The New York Times. No. March 8, 1923. p. 19. Retrieved 10 December 2015.
  41. ^ "Walker Now Mayor – Dr. Louis I. Harris Named Health Head – New Mayor Picks Aids for All Posts but One – Formal Induction at Noon – Satisfied With Selections – Many Hylan Heads Retained – McCooey and Connelly Fare Well in Job Distribution. Nicholson to Stay a Year – Corporation Counsel Then to Quit on a Pension – Senator Downing Expected to Succeed Him". The New York Times. January 1, 1926. p. 1. Retrieved 10 December 2015.
  42. ^ "Dr. Louis I. Harris Dies Here at 56 – Former Health Commissioner Served More Than 20 Years in the City Department – Began Practice in 1905 – Founded Industrial Hygiene Division – Was a Graduate of Columbia – Native of Austria". The New York Times. January 6, 1939. p. 21. Retrieved 21 December 2015.
  43. ^ "Dr. Harris to Join Dairy Corporation – Health Commissioner Resigns to Be Consulting Expert for National Products – To Get $5,000 City Pension – No Political Pressure, He Says – Will Quit in Month – Talks to Walker in California". The New York Times. July 24, 1928. p. 1. Retrieved 10 December 2015.
  44. ^ "Dr. Wynne Is Named City Health Chief – Walker Swears In the Deputy Commissioner to Succeed Dr. Harris, Who Retires – Praises Latter's Service – New Bureau Head Says He Will Continue Board's Policies Without Major Changes - He May Win Hospital Post – Department to Be Formed in Fall and His Work in That Field Is Said to Have Pleased Mayor – May Head Hospital Department – Department to Be Formed in Fall and His Work in That Field is Said to Have Pleased Mayor". The New York Times. August 18, 1928. p. 15. Retrieved 10 December 2015.
  45. ^ "Dr. Shirley Wynne Dead Here at 59 – Health Commissioner, 1928-33, Under Walker and.O'Brien, Stricken After Operation – In Department 26 Years – Fought Racketeering in Milk Industry – Aided Boy Scout and Child Health Work". The New York Times. April 20, 1942. p. 21. Retrieved 21 December 2015.
  46. ^ "LaGuardIia Moves to Clean Up City; Starts Hunt for Graft in Bureaus; Tammany Organizes the Alderman – Mayor Swears in Aides – Tells Each to Remove 'Every One' if Needed to Get Efficiency – Pledges Them Free Hand – Politicians No Longer Will Interfere With Prisons or Relief, He Says – First Day Is Strenuous – New Executive Leaves Home at 8:28 A.M., Does Not Quit City Hall Till 6:30". The New York Times. January 2, 1934. p. 1. Retrieved 10 December 2015.
  47. ^ "Stebbins Sworn In As Health Officer – Columbia University Man Succeeds Dr. Rice, Who Is Ill, As Commissioner". The New York Times. July 17, 1942. p. 13. Retrieved 10 December 2015.
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  95. ^ a b Fitzsimmons, Emma G. (22 December 2021). "Mental Health Expert Will Lead New York's Pandemic Response". The New York Times.
  96. ^ Brosnan, Erica (March 17, 2022). "New health commissioner advises city to stay cautious in next stage of pandemic". Retrieved March 17, 2022.
  97. ^ Lewis, Caroline (October 15, 2022). "NYC health commissioner to step down Friday, months earlier than expected". Retrieved October 21, 2024.
  98. ^ Lewis, Caroline (October 15, 2022). "NYC health commissioner to step down Friday, months earlier than expected". Retrieved October 21, 2024.
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