The Heidelberg Hotel was a hotel in Jackson, Mississippi, which operated from 1922 to 1974. The hotel was notable for several firsts: the first fireproof building in Mississippi and the first hotel to break the state's colour barrier in 1964 in reversing its policy to allow African-Americans to book hotel rooms. Other local hotels followed shortly thereafter. The hotel was also the site of John F. Kennedy's first speech in the southern United States in 1957, and senators Joseph S. Clark and Robert F. Kennedy visited the hotel in 1967 when on a fact-finding tour of the Mississippi Delta.
| Heidelberg Hotel | |
|---|---|
 | |
| General information | |
| Town or city | Jackson, Mississippi |
| Country | United States |
| Opened | May 1, 1922 |
| Closed | November 14, 1974 |
| Demolished | January–November 1977 |
| Owner | Roy L. Heidelberg |
| Design and construction | |
| Architect(s) | William A. Brasher |
| Main contractor | I.C. Garber |
History
editThe hotel opened its doors on May 1, 1922. The Clarion-Ledger, Jackson's newspaper, dedicated two pages of its April 30th Sunday edition to the opening of the five-storey hotel, which was described the first fire-proof building in the state of Mississippi.[1] The hotel opened with 124 rooms, all boasting an electric fan.[2]
In 1930, Heidelberg and hotel manager J.L. Latimer acquired A.H. Alvis's interest in the hotel and spent $200,000 on a renovation, which included adding three stories to the original building.[3]
Another $250,000 renovation followed in 1955, which added two banquet rooms on the 13th and 14th storeys of the hotel, and modernised the lobby's furnishings.[4]
On October 17, 1957, the hotel was the site of John F. Kennedy's first campaign speech in the southern United States. Kennedy made a statement supporting school integration to a packed room of Mississippi Democrats in the hotel's Victory Room and Foyer.[5][6]
After Roy Heidelberg's death, the hotel was leased to Alvin Grubbs and Arthur Landstreet in 1959, who continued to renovate the hotel.[7]
In July 1964, two NAACP members, Dr. H. Claude Hudson and Kenneth Guscott, checked into the Heidelberg, ending the city of Jackson's segregationist policies with regards to its downtown hotels.[8]
According to a newspaper columnist who was served the drink, the hotel served the first legal drink in Jackson after Mississippi's prohibition law was repealed in 1966.[9]
The hotel was the headquarters of the 60th NAACP convention in 1969.[10]
The American Hotel Operators Group leased the building starting in September 1973. However, the hotel cancelled the lease in April 1974 after the group's owner was indicted for giving false information to a bank, leaving the hotel $250,000 in debt.[11]
Closure and Demolition
editThe hotel closed on November 14, 1974. The hotel's downtown location could not compete with newer chain hotels. A $2 million renovation would have been required to bring the hotel up to modern standards, but the money was not available. At the hotel's closing, the manager hoped someone would renovate and reopen the hotel.[12][13]
In May 1976, the Jackson Redevelopment Authority purchased the building for $550,000 and announced their intention to raze the building in August.[14] The building's liquidation sale occurred in November 1976 with demolition proceeding the following January and occurring through 1977 due to a short-staffed demolition contractor.[15][16]
References
edit- ^ "Construction of Hotel was Splendid Feat". Clarion-Ledger. April 30, 1922. p. S.3, p.1.
- ^ "Visitors are to inspect it during Sunday". Clarion-Ledger. April 30, 1922. p. S.3, p.1.
- ^ "New Bosses will spend $200,000 in Improving Heidelberg Hotel Here". Clarion-Ledger. 12 March 1930.
- ^ "Quarter-Million Dollar Renovation Program Will Increase Attractiveness and Convenience of the Hotel Heidelberg". Clarion-Ledger. December 4, 1955.
- ^ Worth, Gene (18 October 1957). "Sen. Kennedy hits GOP 'Complacency'". Clarion-Ledger.
- ^ Holland, Elizabeth (November 20, 1983). "Mississippi vs. JFK: It's no longer fashionable to hate 'those Kennedys'". Clarion-Ledger.
- ^ "Landstreet, Grubbs leasing Heidelberg". Clarion-Ledger. May 27, 1959.
- ^ "Negroes Register At Hotel". Fort Worth Times. July 6, 1964.
- ^ Minor, Bill (August 31, 1986). "20 years ago Mississippi prohibition ended". Clarion-Ledger.
- ^ Jack Nelson; Ray Rodgers (July 13, 1969). "Courtesies in Jackson Stun NAACP Delegates". Los Angeles Times.
- ^ "Gadsden Hotel, Nine Others Reportedly Milked of Profits". The Vernon Daily Record. July 15, 1974.
- ^ "Heidelberg Hotel to Close". Enterprise Journal. 8 November 1974.
- ^ "Demolition Ball may hit Heidelberg Hotel". Valley Morning Star. 21 November 1974.
- ^ "Heidelberg Hotel to be Sold for Scrap". Clarion-Ledger. 19 August 1976.
- ^ Sanford, Otis (12 November 1976). "Good Deals and a Good Deal More".
- ^ "Heidelberg (Heartbreak) Hotel". Clarion-Ledger. November 2, 1977.