The Kauaʻi nukupuʻu (Hemignathus hanapepe) was a species of nukupuʻu once found throughout parts of the Hawaiian island of Kauaʻi. It was an insect eater that picked out its tiny prey from tree bark. The males were yellowish with brown wings, while the females were grayish brown with a yellow throat streak.
| Kauaʻi nukupuʻu | |
|---|---|
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| Illustration by Keulemans | |
Scientific classification 
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| Domain: | Eukaryota |
| Kingdom: | Animalia |
| Phylum: | Chordata |
| Class: | Aves |
| Order: | Passeriformes |
| Family: | Fringillidae |
| Subfamily: | Carduelinae |
| Genus: | Hemignathus |
| Species: | †H. hanapepe
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| Binomial name | |
| †Hemignathus hanapepe Wilson, SB, 1889
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| Black: Extinct Green: Current range | |
| Synonyms | |
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Hemignathus lucidus hanapepe | |
Conservation
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The species was abundant until the 19th century, when the loss of its lowland forests to slash and burn farming methods damaged its habitat. By 1889, this bird was very rare, though it could still be found in small flocks in the higher forests. The last confirmed sighting was in 1899; if the species survived after this time, it likely became confined to the Alakaʻi Wilderness Preserve. From 1984-1998, it was recorded several times in this area, but later analysis of these sightings indicates that almost all these observations were likely of Kauaʻi ʻamakihi (Chlorodrepanis stejnegeri). It was also feared that the winds from Hurricane Iniki in 1992 could have created more damage to the bird's habitat. Intensive searches for this species throughout the 1990s were unsuccessful, although a single unconfirmed report was made in 2007. The species was likely already extinct by 1906, but the recency of some of the unconfirmed sightings indicates that the species should likely not be classified as extinct unless there is no doubt that it is.[2] In September 2021, the U.S. Fish and Wildlife Service proposed that the Kauaʻi nukupuʻu should be declared extinct, citing fruitless and extensive surveys.[3][4] In October 2023, the species was delisted from the Endangered Species Act citing extinction.[5]
References
edit- ^ BirdLife International (2024). "Hemignathus hanapepe". IUCN Red List of Threatened Species. 2024: e.T103823616A250432785. doi:10.2305/IUCN.UK.2024-2.RLTS.T103823616A250432785.en. Retrieved 20 November 2021.
- ^ International), BirdLife International (BirdLife (2016-10-01). "IUCN Red List of Threatened Species: Hemignathus hanapepe". IUCN Red List of Threatened Species. Retrieved 2021-04-18.
- ^ Einhorn, Catrin (29 September 2021). "Protected Too Late: U.S. Officials Report More Than 20 Extinctions". The New York Times. Retrieved 29 September 2021.
- ^ "Endangered and Threatened Wildlife and Plants; Removal of 23 Extinct Species From the Lists of Endangered and Threatened Wildlife and Plants". www.regulations.gov. Retrieved 2022-06-13.
- ^ "21 Species Delisted from the Endangered Species Act due to Extinction | U.S. Fish & Wildlife Service". FWS.gov. 2023-10-16. Retrieved 2023-10-17.
External links
edit- "Kauaʻi Nuku Puʻu" (PDF). Hawaii’s Comprehensive Wildlife Conservation Strategy. State of Hawaiʻi. 2005-10-01. Archived from the original (PDF) on 2013-11-03.