Henry Cavendish, 2nd Duke of Newcastle

Henry Cavendish

KG, PC
Henry Cavendish; KG, PC
	Portrait attributed to Mary Beale
2nd Duke of Newcastle upon Tyne
Tenure	1676–1691
Predecessor	William Cavendish, 1st Duke of Newcastle
Born	24 June 1630
Died	26 July 1691
Noble family	Cavendish
Spouse(s)	Frances Pierrepont
Issue	Elizabeth Monck, Duchess of Albemarle; Lady Frances Cavendish; Margaret Holles, Duchess of Newcastle-upon-Tyne; Henry Cavendish, Earl of Ogle; Lady Catherine Cavendish; Lady Arabella Cavendish
Father	William Cavendish, 1st Duke of Newcastle
Mother	Elizabeth Basset

Henry Cavendish, 2nd Duke of Newcastle upon Tyne, KG, PC (24 June 1630 – 26 July 1691), styled Lord Henry Cavendish until 1659 and Viscount Mansfield from 1659 to 1676, was an English politician. He sat in the House of Commons from 1660 until 1676, when he inherited the dukedom.^[1]

Life and career

Cavendish was the only surviving son of William Cavendish, 1st Duke of Newcastle, and his first wife, Elizabeth Basset.^[1] His maternal grandparents were William Basset and Judith Austen, daughter of Thomas Austen.

After the Restoration of the Monarchy, he was appointed Master of the Robes (June 1660–62) and a Gentleman of the Bedchamber (1662–68). In April 1660, Lord Mansfield was elected Member of Parliament (MP) for Derbyshire in the Convention Parliament. He was elected MP for Northumberland in 1661 for the Cavalier Parliament.^[2]

In 1676, he inherited the title of Duke of Newcastle and the family seats of Welbeck Abbey, Bolsover Castle and Nottingham Castle on the death of his father and was invested a Knight of the Garter in 1677. He died in 1691, leaving no surviving male heir, and thus the dukedom became extinct. Welbeck Abbey and other East Midlands estates passed to his favourite daughter Margaret, who had married John Holles, for whom the dukedom was recreated in 1694. The bequest was unsuccessfully contested by Cavendish's other daughters.^[3]

The department of Manuscripts and Special Collections, The University of Nottingham, holds a number of papers relating to the 2nd Duke of Newcastle – the Cavendish Papers (Pw 1), part of the Portland (Welbeck) Collection, includes some of his personal papers; and the Newcastle (Clumber) Collection (Ne) includes estate papers and family settlements from the time of the 2nd Duke.

Marriage and issue

Frances Pierrepont, Duchess of Newcastle, by Mary Beale

Welbeck Abbey, Nottinghamshire, in the 17th century

In 1652, Henry married Frances Pierrepont (b. 1 September 1630 in Thoresby, Nottinghamshire, d. 23 September 1695 in London), daughter of The Hon. William Pierrepont (who was the son of Robert Pierrepont, 1st Earl of Kingston-upon-Hull), and they had six children:

Lady Elizabeth Cavendish (1654–1734), known as the 'Mad Duchess', who married firstly Christopher Monck, 2nd Duke of Albemarle; no issue. She married secondly Ralph Montagu, 1st Duke of Montagu; no issue.
Lady Frances Cavendish (25 June 1660 – 4 February 1690), who married John Campbell, 2nd Earl of Breadalbane and Holland (19 November 1662 – 23 February 1752) before 1690; no issue.
Lady Margaret Cavendish (22 October 1661 – 24 December 1716), who married John Holles, 1st Duke of Newcastle-upon-Tyne on 1 March 1690 and had issue. (This was the second creation of the dukedom in 1694 after the first became extinct in 1691).
Henry Cavendish, Earl of Ogle (19 January 1663 – 1 November 1680), who married Lady Elizabeth Percy on 27 March 1679; no issue. In accordance with his marriage settlement, he adopted the surname of Percy in lieu of his patronymic.^[4] However he died the following year and was buried in the parish church at the Percy seat of Petworth.
Lady Catherine Cavendish (14 January 1665 – 20 April 1712), who married Thomas Tufton, 6th Earl of Thanet on 14 August 1684 and had issue.
Lady Arabella Cavendish (19 August 1673 – 4 June 1698), who married Charles Spencer, 3rd Earl of Sunderland on 12 January 1695 and had issue.

Coat of arms

Coat of arms of Henry Cavendish, 2nd Duke of Newcastle
	Coronet A coronet of an Duke Crest A serpent nowed proper. Escutcheon Sable three bucks' heads cabossed argent, with a crescent for different. Supporters Dexter, a bull or, ducally crowned gules; sinister, a lion ramp, guard, gules crined and ducally crowned or. Motto Cavendo tutus Safe through Caution^[5]

References

^ ^a ^b "Cavendish, Henry, second duke of Newcastle upon Tyne (1630–1691), politician". Oxford Dictionary of National Biography (online ed.). Oxford University Press. 2004. doi:10.1093/ref:odnb/40627. ISBN 978-0-19-861412-8. Retrieved 8 February 2021. (Subscription or UK public library membership required.)
^ "CAVENDISH, Henry, Visct. Mansfield (1630-91), of Bolsover, Derbys. and Welbeck Abbey, Notts". History of Parliament Trust. Retrieved 23 May 2019.
^ "Biography of John Holles, 3rd Duke of Newcastle upon Tyne and 4th Earl of Clare (1662-1711)". University of Nottingham. Retrieved 23 May 2019.
^ Collins, Arthur, Peerage of England, Volume 4, London, 1756, p.186]
^ Burke, Bernard (1884). The general armory of England, Scotland, Ireland, and Wales; comprising a registry of armorial bearings from the earliest to the present time. London: Harrison & sons. p. 178.

External links

Biography of Henry Cavendish, with links to online catalogues

Parliament of England
Preceded by Not represented in the restored Rump	Member of Parliament for Derbyshire 1660–1661 With: John Ferrers	Succeeded by Lord Cavendish John Frescheville
Preceded by Sir William Fenwick, Bt Ralph Delaval	Member of Parliament for Northumberland 1661–1676 With: Sir William Fenwick, Bt	Succeeded by Sir Ralph Delaval, Bt Sir John Fenwick, Bt
Court offices
Preceded by Protectorate	Master of the Robes 1660–1662	Succeeded by Hon. Laurence Hyde
Military offices
Preceded by The Lord Widdrington	Governor of Berwick-upon-Tweed 1675–1686	Succeeded by The Lord Widdrington
Honorary titles
Preceded by The Earl of Northumberland	Lord Lieutenant of Northumberland jointly with The Duke of Newcastle-upon-Tyne 1670–1676 1670–1689	Succeeded by The Earl of Scarbrough
Preceded by The Lord Widdrington	Custos Rotulorum of Northumberland 1675–1688	Succeeded by The Earl of Scarbrough
Preceded by The Duke of Newcastle-upon-Tyne	Custos Rotulorum of Derbyshire 1677–1689	Succeeded by The Earl of Devonshire
Preceded by The Duke of Newcastle-upon-Tyne	Lord Lieutenant and Custos Rotulorum of Nottinghamshire 1677–1689	Succeeded by The Earl of Kingston-upon-Hull
Preceded by The Earl of Mulgrave	Lord Lieutenant of the East Riding of Yorkshire 1688–1689	Succeeded by The Earl of Kingston-upon-Hull
Preceded by The Viscount Fairfax of Emley	Lord Lieutenant of the North Riding of Yorkshire 1688–1689	Succeeded by The Earl Fauconberg
Preceded by Lord Thomas Howard	Lord Lieutenant of the West Riding of Yorkshire 1688–1689	Succeeded by The Marquess of Carmarthen
Legal offices
Preceded by The Duke of Newcastle-upon-Tyne	Justice in Eyre north of the Trent 1677–1689	Succeeded by The Earl of Kingston-upon-Hull
Peerage of England
Preceded by William Cavendish	Duke of Newcastle-upon-Tyne 1676–1691	Extinct

[:0-1] "Cavendish, Henry, second duke of Newcastle upon Tyne (1630–1691), politician". Oxford Dictionary of National Biography (online ed.). Oxford University Press. 2004. doi:10.1093/ref:odnb/40627. ISBN 978-0-19-861412-8. Retrieved 8 February 2021. (Subscription or UK public library membership required.)

[2] "CAVENDISH, Henry, Visct. Mansfield (1630-91), of Bolsover, Derbys. and Welbeck Abbey, Notts". History of Parliament Trust. Retrieved 23 May 2019.

[3] "Biography of John Holles, 3rd Duke of Newcastle upon Tyne and 4th Earl of Clare (1662-1711)". University of Nottingham. Retrieved 23 May 2019.

[4] Collins, Arthur, Peerage of England, Volume 4, London, 1756, p.186]

[5] Burke, Bernard (1884). The general armory of England, Scotland, Ireland, and Wales; comprising a registry of armorial bearings from the earliest to the present time. London: Harrison & sons. p. 178.

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