General Henry Lawes Luttrell, 2nd Earl of Carhampton PC (7 August 1743 – 25 April 1821) was an Anglo-Irish politician and soldier, who both in public and private life attracted scandal. He was spurned by colleagues in the British House of Commons who believed that in the election of 1769 he had played an underhand role in denying his seat to the popular choice, the reformer John Wilkes. In 1788 he was publicly accused in Dublin of raping a twelve-year-old girl. Ten years later, his command in the suppression of the Irish rebellion of 1798 was criticised by fellow officers for its savagery, and not least against women. His last years in Parliament were marked by his opposition to Catholic Emancipation, and to parliamentary reform.
The Earl of Carhampton | |
|---|---|
 Henry Lawes Luttrell | |
| Born | 7 August 1743 |
| Died | 25 April 1821 (aged 77) London |
| Allegiance |  Kingdom of Ireland
 United Kingdom |
| Service |  British Army |
| Years of service | 1757–1798 |
| Rank | General |
| Commands | Ireland |
| Battles / wars | Seven Years' War United Irishmen Rebellion |
Early years
editLuttrell was the scion of an Anglo-Irish landed family, descendants of Sir Geoffrey de Luterel, who established Luttrellstown Castle, County Dublin, in the early 13th century.[1] His grandfather, Henry Luttrell, had been a pardoned Jacobite commander murdered on the street in Dublin—it was suspected by his former comrades—in 1717.[2] His father, Simon Luttrell, was successively titled Baron Irnham, Viscount Carhampton and Earl Carhampton, all in the Irish peerage. His mother, Maria, was the daughter of Sir Nicholas Lawes, Governor of Jamaica, and the eventual heir to a slave plantation on the West Indian island which, on her husband's death in 1787, passed to her son.[3]
Educated at Westminster School and Christ Church, Oxford, Luttrell was commissioned into the 48th Regiment of Foot in 1757. Two years later he became lieutenant of the 34th Regiment of Foot.[4]
Father and son, both accounted "notorious womanizers", had a bitter relationship. His father once challenged Luttrell to a duel, but he declined, observing that his father was not a gentleman.[5]
Luttrell, described as "strong in body, if not in mind", achieved a reputation for bravery as a soldier during the Seven Years' War,[6] becoming Deputy Adjutant-General of the British Forces in Portugal. In 1768 he became a Tory Member of Parliament in for the village of Bossiney, Cornwall.[7]
Service to the Tory Ministry against Wilkes
editWith the support of the Grafton ministry and of the Court, in 1769 Luttrell stood in Middlesex against John Wilkes, the radical and popular figure who had already been the constituency's three-time democratic choice. Luttrell lost the poll (1,143 votes to 269) but was seated in Parliament, Wilkes having once again been barred as an adjudged felon.[8] As a result of the affair, for some months, Luttrell dared not appear in the street, and was "the most unpopular man in the House of Commons".[6]
The government rewarded Luttrell by appointing him Adjutant General for Ireland in 1770. He continued to sit in the Commons, where he described the Whigs in their opposition to the conduct of the American War, as "the abetters of treason and rebellion combined purposely for the ruin of their country".[6]
The case of Mary Neal
editLuttrell became active in Irish politics and between 1783 and 1787, he sat in the Irish House of Commons for Old Leighlin. On his father's death in 1787, he succeeded to the earldom of Carhampton and other titles.[4] He became Colonel of the 6th Dragoon Guards and Lieutenant-General of the Ordnance in Ireland.[4]
In 1788, Carhampton was publicly accused in Dublin of the rape of a 12-year-old girl. Having been paid to deliver a message, Mary Neal claimed she was bundled into a brothel and there assaulted throughout the night by Carhampton. The keeper of the house, Maria Llewellyn, was charged in a case marked by accusations of witness tampering, the death in prison of Mary's mother and newborn baby sister and by the insinuation that Mary was already working as a prostitute. The affair became a cause célèbre with the public intervention of Archibald Hamilton Rowan (later United Irishman). To clear Mary's name he brought her to Dublin Castle to see the Lord Lieutenant, the Earl of Westmorland. Westmorland, unmoved, pardoned Llewellyn and set her at liberty.[9]
Carhampton was never asked to answer for raping Mary Neal. In 1790 he re-entered the British Parliament as Member for Plympton Erle.[4]
Martial-law commander in Ireland
editIn October 1793, a younger brother, Temple Simon Luttrell, was arrested in Boulogne and, until February 1795, was held in Paris where, on the strength of their sister Anne Luttrell being married to Prince Henry, Duke of Cumberland, he was publicly exhibited as the brother of the king of England.[3]
In 1795 Carhampton was entrusted with the breakup and disarming of Defenders, the agrarian semi-insurgency, in Connaught. His proceedings and impressment of some 1,300 "rebels" into the British navy elicited criticism in otherwise loyal circles.[3][10]
In 1796, with the leaders of the democratic party, the United Irishmen, preparing for a French-assisted insurrection, in 1796 he was given overall command of the Crown forces in Ireland.
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He demonstrated still greater ruthlessness in attempting to "pacify" the country and suppress the eventual rising in the summer of 1798. His command had the unusual distinction of being upbraided by his successor as Commander in Chief, Sir Ralph Abercromby for an army "in a state of licentiousness, which must render it formidable to every one but the enemy".[11]
Carhampton was seen by his critics as having "fanned the flame of disaffection into open rebellion" by "the picketings, the free quarters, half hangings, flogging and pitch-cappings" he directed.[10]
Opponent of reform
editIn 1791 and 1792, Carhampton helped vote down bills to abolish the slave trade. Negroes, he proposed, only wanted "to murder their masters, ravish their women, and drink all their rum". At the same time, he opposed lifting civil disabilities on Roman Catholics by abolishing the Test Act in Scotland, and spoke scathingly of parliamentary reform.[12]
In July 1799 he sold his Irish property and by his own later account, he "took no part" in the Acts of Union. He claimed to be been "disgusted at the scene that was passing before me", and to have abandoned Ireland because, under a "cowardly" government, he saw "the country likely to become Catholic".[12] When the Dublin Post of 2 May 1811 erroneously reported his death, he demanded a retraction which they printed under the headline Public Disappointment.[13]
He purchased an estate at Painshill Park in Surrey and lived for several years in relative obscurity. From 1813 he harried the government of Lord Liverpool with the claim that George III had promised him a secure seat in the Commons. In June 1817, five weeks short of his eightieth birthday, Luttrell found his own way back to Parliament as Member for Ludgershall[4] and revenged himself, in the four years remaining to him, by voting with the opposition. This, however, did not extend to joining in the attacks on the domestic spy system in 1818 nor to voting for parliamentary reform in 1819. Moreover, in the wake of the Peterloo Massacre, he supported the government, lauding the use of deadly force against "the Radicals and their system".[12]
Family
editHe briefly married Elizabeth Mullen in 1759, and had a daughter, Harriet Luttrell. This marriage was later annulled.[14]
He married Jane Boyd, daughter of George Boyd, in June 1776,[15] but they had no children and was succeeded by his brother John.[4]
Carhampton did have an illegitimate son, Henry Luttrell (1765–1851). He wrote light verse, and was a famous wit and diner-out. Quite from his father's tastes, he was a frequent companion of Thomas Moore,[16] Ireland's national bard, a hagiographer of United Irishmen and a close confidante of leading Whigs.[17]
References
edit- ^ Enchanting Ireland Archived 7 June 2010 at the Wayback Machine
- ^ "Luttrell, Henry | Dictionary of Irish Biography". www.dib.ie. Retrieved 3 November 2021.
- ^ a b c Leslie Stephen, Sir Sidney Lee (1893). Dictionary of National Biography, Vol . 34. Dublin: Smith, Elder and Company. pp. 297–299.
- ^ a b c d e f A. F. Blackstock, ‘Luttrell, Henry Lawes, second earl of Carhampton (1737–1821)’, Oxford Dictionary of National Biography, Oxford University Press, Sept 2004; online edn, Jan 2008
- ^ Cash, Arthur (1998). John Wilkes, The Scandalous Father of Civil Liberty. New Haven: Yale University Press. p. 253.
- ^ a b c Cash (1998), p. 253
- ^ Leigh Rayment's Historical List of MPs
- ^ The rejection of Wilkes and selection of Luttrell by the House of Commons preoccupied parliament and the nation. The debates were emotional, and illustrated the weakness of the ministries leading up to the American revolution. See e.g. 16 Parliamentary History of England, London: Hansard, 1813, pp. 424–28, 532–96. At the polls, Luttrell received 296 votes to 1143 for Wilkes, as his counsel acknowledged, id. at 589, at a hearing before commons rejected a petition by the voters who said the majority "would not by any means have chosen to be represented by the said Henry Lawes Luttrell, esq.; ... he cannot sit as the representative of said county in parliament, without manifest infringement of the rights and privileges" of the voters. Id. at 588. Note this source is available for free download from Google books.
- ^ Whelan, Fergus (1998). God-provoking Democrat, The Remarkable Life of Archibald Hamilton Rowan. Stilorgan, Dublin: New Island. pp. 40–46. ISBN 9781848404601.
- ^ a b Fitz-Patrick, William John (1866). 'The sham squire' and the informers of 1798; with a view of their contemporaries. To which are added jottings about Ireland seventy years ago. W.B. Kelly, 8 Grafton Street. p. 58.
- ^ Pakenham, Thomas (1998). The Year of Liberty,The Great Irish Rebellion of 1798. New York: Times Books, Random House. p. 24. ISBN 0812930886.
- ^ a b c "LUTTRELL, Henry Lawes, 2nd Earl of Carhampton [I] (1737-1821), of Luttrellstown, co. Dublin and Painshill, Surr. | History of Parliament Online". www.histparl.ac.uk. Retrieved 4 February 2022.
- ^ Ask about Ireland Archived 30 September 2007 at the Wayback Machine
- ^ "Sketch of some of the descendants of Samuel Rogers of Monmouth county, New Jersey". Philadelphia, Collins printing house. 1888.
- ^ Irish Marriages: Being an Index to the Marriages in Walker's Hibernian Magazine, 1771 to 1812, Page 277.
- ^ Moore, Thomas (1925). Tom Moore's Diary: a Selection edited, with an Introduction, by J. B. Priestley. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press. pp. 11, n.1.
- ^ Moore, Thomas (1993). Political and Historical Writings on Irish and British Affairs by Thomas Moore, Introduced by Brendan Clifford. Belfast: Athol Books. ISBN 0-85034-067-5.