Isocetane

Isocetane
Names
	IUPAC name 2,2,4,4,6,8,8-Heptamethylnonane
Identifiers
CAS Number	4390-04-9 ;
3D model (JSmol)	Interactive image;
ChEBI	CHEBI:131383 ;
ChemSpider	19228 ;
ECHA InfoCard	100.022.280
EC Number	224-506-8;
MeSH	2,2,4,4,6,8,8-heptamethylnonane
PubChem CID	20414;
UNII	8LP0677305 ;
CompTox Dashboard (EPA)	DTXSID7052101 ;
	InChI InChI=1S/C16H34/c1-13(10-14(2,3)4)11-16(8,9)12-15(5,6)7/h13H,10-12H2,1-9H3 Key: VCLJODPNBNEBKW-UHFFFAOYSA-N ;
	SMILES C(C)(C)CC(C)CC(C)(C)CC(C)(C)C;
Properties
Chemical formula	C16H34
Molar mass	226.448 g·mol−1
Appearance	Colourless liquid
Odor	Odourless
Density	793 mg mL−1
Boiling point	240.1 °C; 464.1 °F; 513.2 K
Vapor pressure	130 Pa (at 20 °C)
Refractive index (nD)	1.439
Thermochemistry
Heat capacity (C)	458.80 J K−1 mol−1
Hazards
Flash point	96.00 °C (204.80 °F; 369.15 K)
Related compounds
Related alkanes	2,3-Dimethylhexane; 2,5-Dimethylhexane; Pristane;
	Except where otherwise noted, data are given for materials in their standard state (at 25 °C [77 °F], 100 kPa). verify (what is ?) Infobox references

Isocetane (2,2,4,4,6,8,8-heptamethylnonane) is a highly branched alkane used as a reference in determining the cetane number of diesel. It has a cetane number of 15.^[2] Isocetane replaced 1-methylnaphthalene in 1962 as the lower reference for cetane number (1-methylnaphthalene has cetane number zero) owing to the oxidation instability and difficulty of use of 1-methylnaphthalene in the reference engine.^[3]^[4]

Strictly speaking, if the standard meaning of ‘iso’ is followed, the name isocetane should be reserved for the isomer 2-methylpentadecane. However, 2,2,4,4,6,8,8-heptamethylnonane is by far the most important isomer of cetane and so, historically, it has ended up with this name.

References

^ "2,2,4,4,6,8,8-heptamethylnonane - Compound Summary". PubChem Compound. USA: National Center for Biotechnology Information. 26 March 2005. Identification and Related Records. Archived from the original on 30 October 2013. Retrieved 12 March 2012.
^ Speight, James G. (2015). Handbook of Petroleum Product Analysis. Hoboken, NJ: Wiley. pp. 158–159. ISBN 978-1-322-95015-0. OCLC 903318141.
^ "Cetane number". Archived from the original on 2014-03-12. Retrieved 2007-03-01.
^ Jääskeläinen, Hannu (2007). Fuel Property Testing: Ignition Quality. DieselNet Technology Guide (Technical report). ECOpoint Inc. Archived from the original on 2019-06-26. Retrieved 2021-02-24.

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[1] "2,2,4,4,6,8,8-heptamethylnonane - Compound Summary". PubChem Compound. USA: National Center for Biotechnology Information. 26 March 2005. Identification and Related Records. Archived from the original on 30 October 2013. Retrieved 12 March 2012.

[Speight2015-2] Speight, James G. (2015). Handbook of Petroleum Product Analysis. Hoboken, NJ: Wiley. pp. 158–159. ISBN 978-1-322-95015-0. OCLC 903318141.

[3] "Cetane number". Archived from the original on 2014-03-12. Retrieved 2007-03-01.

[Hannu-4] Jääskeläinen, Hannu (2007). Fuel Property Testing: Ignition Quality. DieselNet Technology Guide (Technical report). ECOpoint Inc. Archived from the original on 2019-06-26. Retrieved 2021-02-24.

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