Hirsi Ali "Magan" Isse (Somali: Xirsi Cali "Magan" Ciise; Arabic: حرسي علي مجن عيسى, romanized: Ḥirsī ʻAlī Majan ʻĪsā; 1935–2008), commonly known as Hirsi Magan,[1] was a Somali scholar, intellectual, and political dissident. He was a prominent figure in the Somalian Rebellion, Somali culture, and Somalia's political elite. Magan co-founded the Somali Salvation Democratic Front (SSDF), a political and paramilitary group that opposed the government's authoritarian policies, and he was imprisoned for his dissent.[2]
Hirsi Ali Magan | |
|---|---|
| حرسي مجن عيسى | |
 | |
| Born | Hirsi Ali Isse 1935 Italian Somalia (now Somalia) |
| Died | 2008 (aged 72–73) London, England |
| Nationality | Somali |
| Alma mater | Columbia University |
| Occupation(s) | Scholar, revolutionary |
| Children | 5, including Ayaan Hirsi Ali |
Magan was a comrade-in-arms of erstwhile president of Somalia Abdullahi Yusuf Ahmed, and the father of the former Dutch MP and critic of Islam Ayaan Hirsi Ali.[3]
Personal life
editMagan was born in Somalia in 1935 as one of the nine children of Magan Isse Guleid (1845–1945). He was a devout Muslim and student of Somali culture.[4]
Family
editMagan married three times and had four daughters and one son. He had two daughters with his first wife. His second marriage produced son Mahad, daughter Ayaan, and daughter Haweya, the latter of whom died in 1998. He also had a daughter in his third marriage. He later remarried his first wife, who he had divorced shortly after he married his second wife.
Magan Isse studied in Italy and at Columbia University, New York, where he obtained a degree in anthropology. As a trained linguist and anthropologist, he is known as a champion of Osmanya, the Somali writing script invented by Osman Yusuf Kenadid,[5] unlike the former head of state, Siad Barre, who made Shire Jama Ahmed's modified Latin script the national standard in Somalia in 1973.[6]
Political and military career
editAfter the assassination of president Abdirashid Ali Shermarke and Siad Barre coming to power in October, 1969, Magan Isse was considered dangerous to the new leadership and was imprisoned from 1972 to October 1975.
In 1976, Magan Isse escaped from prison and fled from Somalia to Saudi Arabia. Barre banned all political parties with the exception of the Somali Revolutionary Socialist Party (SRSF) the same year and the Somali Democratic Action Front (SODAF; a forerunner of the SSDF) was founded in exile in Rome, Italy. The following year, Magan Isse moved to Ethiopia, where he witnessed the year-long Ogaden War. It was also the period of the Red Terror of the Derg, and its victims included the Western Somali Liberation Front, an Ogaden-based Somali rebel outfit. For security purposes, Magan Isse opted to relocate his family to a suburb in Nairobi, while he continued to live in Somalia and Ethiopia most of the time.
In the summer of 1982, the SSDF played a key role in the second armed conflict between Somalia and Ethiopia. The SSDF, supported by the Derg leader Mengistu's air force, waged a low intensity guerrilla war against the Somali army. Magan Isse became a well-known figure in Somalia at the time as director and presenter of Radio Kulmis (meaning "Unity" in Somali), which aired anti-Barré programs from Addis Abeba, Ethiopia).
In 1988, Magan Isse and Mohamed Haji Aden headed an insurrection near Eyl in the Nugaal region, part of Puntland, mainly inhabited by Majeerteen of the Issa Mahamoud sub-clans. This insurrection of the SSDF, which started in the southern part of Nugaal and Bari and the western part of Mudug, eventually led to the autonomy of the province of Puntland in 1998.
Ayaan's Infidel
editHirsi Magan's daughter Ayaan Hirsi Ali has mentioned in her memoir Infidel that her father was a vocal critic of the oppressive regime in Somalia under Siad Barre.[7]
Hirsi Magan Isse opposed the government's authoritarian policies and was imprisoned for his dissent. His influence on Ayaan's early life played a role in shaping her views on politics and individual freedoms. After facing political persecution, the family sought asylum in various countries, and Ayaan eventually moved to the Netherlands, where she became involved in politics and advocacy.[8]
Later years
editMagan Isse spent the better part of his later years in political exile in London, England. He died in 2008 at 73 years of age.
See also
editExternal links
edit- Somalia: Meeting with Ayan Hirsi Ali
- The Guardian, May 17, 2005;[2]
- New York Times, April 3, 2005,[3]
- Somalia Tribal Study, 2005, p. 14 (on the structure of the clan of Hirsi Magan Isse)[4][permanent dead link]
- Programs by Xirsi Magan on Radio Kulmis, 1979-1981 (3rd column, 6th from the top)[5]
- Telephone conversation between Hirsi Magan Isse and his daughter in "Levy and Sadeghi" (Dutch television program), September 2002 [6]
- Ending the conflict in the Somali inhabited territories of Horn of Africa, column by Samtalis Hussein Haille, 2002 [7]
References
edit- ^ Sniderman, Paul M.; Hagendoorn, Louk; Hagendoorn, A. (2007). When Ways of Life Collide: Multiculturalism and Its Discontents in the Netherlands. ISBN 978-0691129068.
- ^ Kueny, Kathryn (2008-01-01). "Infidel". American Journal of Islam and Society. 25 (1): 139–141. doi:10.35632/ajis.v25i1.1504. ISSN 2690-3741.
- ^ Yim, Steve (2018-09-30). "Understanding Ayaan Hirsi Ali's Reformation". Muslim-Christian Encounter. 11 (2): 187–220. doi:10.30532/mce.2018.11.2.187. ISSN 1976-8117.
- ^ "'Ik begrijp dat de minister zo heeft gehandeld' - Binnenland - Voor nieuws, achtergronden en columns". De Volkskrant (in Dutch). Retrieved 2017-10-25.
- ^ On the Osmanya script (interview with Michael Everson) [1]
- ^ Ricci, Lanfranco (1969). "Review of Il problema della lingua somala - Estratti e Articoli, " Somaliya, antologia storico-culturale " N o 7-8". Rassegna di Studi Etiopici. 24: 259–260. ISSN 0390-0096.
- ^ Kueny, Kathryn (2008-01-01). "Infidel". American Journal of Islam and Society. 25 (1): 139–141. doi:10.35632/ajis.v25i1.1504. ISSN 2690-3741.
- ^ Yim, Steve (2018-09-30). "Understanding Ayaan Hirsi Ali's Reformation". Muslim-Christian Encounter. 11 (2): 187–220. doi:10.30532/mce.2018.11.2.187. ISSN 1976-8117.