Hisham III of Córdoba

Hisham III (Arabic: هشام الثالث in full المعتد بالله” هشام بن محمد) was the last Umayyad ruler in the Al-Andalus (Moorish Iberia) (1026–1031), and the last person to hold the title Caliph of Córdoba.

Hisham bin Muhammad bin 'Abd al-Malik هشام بن محمد بن عبد الملك
Last and 11th Caliph of Córdoba
Reign	1026–1031
Predecessor	Muhammad III
Successor	Title extinct
Born	973
Died	1036 (aged 62–63) Balaguer
Names Hisham bin Muhammad bin 'Abd al-Malik bin Abd al-Rahman bin Muhammad
Dynasty	Umayyad
Father	Muhammad bin 'Abd al-Malik bin Abd ar-Rahman III
Mother	'Ateb
Religion	Sunni Islam

Hisham III, the brother of Abd ar-Rahman IV, was chosen as Caliph after long negotiations between the governors of the border regions and the people of Córdoba. He could not enter Córdoba until 1029 as the city was occupied by the Berber armies of the Hammudids.

Although he tried to consolidate the Caliphate, the raising of taxes (to pay for mosques amongst other things) led to heavy opposition from the Muslim clerics. After the murder of his Vizier al-Hakam by a conspiracy of Cordoban Patricians, Hisham was imprisoned. He managed to escape, but died in exile in 1036 in Balaguer.

After the Caliphate fell with the overthrow of Hisham III in 1031, the Caliphate's land holdings—already much diminished from its height in power just 100 years past—devolved into a number of militarily weak but culturally advanced taifas.