Benign cephalic histiocytosis
Benign cephalic histiocytosis (BCH) is a non-Langerhan's histiocytosis that is uncommon and self-limiting, usually beginning towards the end of the first year of life.[2] Gianotti et al. originally described it in 1971.[3] Initially affecting the head and neck, this condition is characterized by several small eruptions of yellow to reddish-brown papules that heal on their own.[4] Histological investigations have demonstrated that this disorder is associated with dermal proliferation of histiocytes, characterized by intracytoplasmic comma-shaped bodies, covered vesicles, and desmosome-like structure.[3]
| Benign cephalic histiocytosis | |
|---|---|
| Other names | Histiocytosis with intracytoplasmic worm-like bodies[1] |
| Specialty | Hematology  |
Signs and symptoms
editThe patient presents with asymptomatic macules and papules measuring approximately 8 mm in diameter. The colors of the lesions range from yellow to red-brown, and they primarily affect the face and neck. Subsequently, lesions may spread to the buttocks, upper and lower extremities.[4]
Diagnosis
editA well-circumscribed histiocytic infiltrate is found in the superficial and middle reticular dermis of the biopsy specimen of the BCH early lesion, occasionally accompanied by lymphocytes and eosinophils. The older lesions display some enormous cells with lymphocytes and nuclei arranged peripherally.[5]
Treatment
editTreatment is not necessary because lesions usually go away on their own by the time a child is 2 to 8 years old, though they frequently leave behind permanent post-inflammatory hyperpigmentation.[5]
Epidemiology
editBCH usually manifests itself between the ages of 2 and 34 months and, less frequently, up to 5 years. Both men and women are equally impacted. As of 2022 about 70 cases have been described in literature.[5]
See also
editReferences
edit- ^ Rapini, Ronald P.; Bolognia, Jean L.; Jorizzo, Joseph L. (2007). Dermatology: 2-Volume Set. St. Louis: Mosby. ISBN 978-1-4160-2999-1.
- ^ Peña-Penabad, Carmen; Unamuno, Pablo; Garcia-Silva, Jesús; Ludeña, M. Dolores; Armijo, Miguel (1994). "Benign Cephalic Histiocytosis: Case Report and Literature Review". Pediatric Dermatology. 11 (2). Wiley: 164–167. doi:10.1111/j.1525-1470.1994.tb00573.x. ISSN 0736-8046. PMID 8041659. S2CID 21634782.
- ^ a b Jih, Debra M.; Salcedo, Stephen L.; Jaworsky, Christine (2002). "Benign cephalic histiocytosis: A case report and review". Journal of the American Academy of Dermatology. 47 (6). Elsevier BV: 908–913. doi:10.1067/mjd.2002.124602. ISSN 0190-9622. PMID 12451377.
- ^ a b Koca, Rafet; Bektaş, Sibel; Altinyazar, H. Cevdet; Sezer, Tuna (2011). "Benign Cephalic Histiocytosis: A Case Report". Annals of Dermatology. 23 (4). Korean Dermatological Association and The Korean Society for Investigative Dermatology: 508–511. doi:10.5021/ad.2011.23.4.508. ISSN 1013-9087. PMC 3229948. PMID 22148022.
- ^ a b c Bertino, Lucrezia; Pluchino, Francesco; Papaianni, Valeria; Borgia, Francesco; Lentini, Maria; Vaccaro, Mario (2022). "Benign cephalic histiocytosis with extra-facial manifestations". Journal of Paediatrics and Child Health. 58 (12): 2293–2296. doi:10.1111/jpc.16153. ISSN 1034-4810. PMID 35950714. S2CID 251495390.
Further reading
edit- Silva de Avó, Heloísa; Yarak, Samira; Enokihara, Mílvia Maria Simões e Silva; Michalany, Nilceo S.; Ogawa, Marília M. (July 24, 2020). "Benign cephalic histiocytosis: a case report of unusual presentation with initial appearance of extrafacial lesions". International Journal of Dermatology. 59 (9). Wiley: 1132–1133. doi:10.1111/ijd.15058. ISSN 0011-9059. PMID 32706903. S2CID 220747132.
- Samson, JoanF; Libu, GnanaseelanKanakamma; Philip, Mariam; Simi, PuthenveeduSalahudeen (2013). "Benign cephalic histiocytosis". Indian Dermatology Online Journal. 4 (4). Medknow: 300–301. doi:10.4103/2229-5178.120646. ISSN 2229-5178. PMC 3853895. PMID 24350010.