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Dengfeng

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Dengfeng (Chinese: 登封; pinyin: Dēngfēng; postal: Tengfeng) is a county-level city of Henan Province, China. It is under the administration of the prefecture-level city of Zhengzhou. In ancient times, it was known as Yangcheng (traditional Chinese: 陽城; simplified Chinese: 阳城; pinyin: Yángchéng).[citation needed]

Dengfeng
登封市
Tengfeng
County-level city
The Daoist Zhongyue Temple
The Daoist Zhongyue Temple
Location in Zhengzhou
Location in Zhengzhou
Dengfeng is located in Henan
Dengfeng
Dengfeng
Location in Henan
Coordinates: 34°27′19″N 113°1′31″E / 34.45528°N 113.02528°E / 34.45528; 113.02528
CountryPeople's Republic of China
ProvinceHenan
Prefecture-level cityZhengzhou
Area
[1]
 • Total
1,220 km2 (470 sq mi)
Population
 (2019)[1]
 • Total
717,400
 • Density590/km2 (1,500/sq mi)
Time zoneUTC+8 (China Standard)
Postal code
452470
Websitewww.dengfeng.gov.cn
Official nameHistoric Monuments of Dengfeng in "The Center of Heaven and Earth"
Includes
  1. Taishi Que Gates, Zhongue Temple
  2. Shaoshi Que Gates
  3. Qimu Que Gates
  4. Songye Temple Pagoda
  5. Architectural Complex of Shaolin Temple
  6. Huishan Temple
  7. Songyang Academy of Classical Learning
  8. Observatory
CriteriaCultural: (iii)(vi)
Reference1305rev
Inscription2010 (34th Session)
Area825 ha (2,040 acres)
Buffer zone3,438.1 ha (8,496 acres)

Dengfeng has an area of 1,220 km2 (470 sq mi) and a population of 630,000.[2] It occupies the southwestern corner of Zhengzhou and is its westernmost county-level division.

Dengfeng is located at the foot of the Mount Song, one of the most sacred mountains in China. The city is one of the most renowned spiritual centers of China, and is home to various religious institutions and famous temples such as the Taoist Zhongyue Temple, the Buddhist Shaolin Temple (a renowned center for martial arts), as well as the Confucian Songyang Academy and the Gaocheng Observatory, hence its poetic expression derived from Chinese literature as the spiritual "center of heaven and earth".[3] Parts of the city were inscribed on the UNESCO World Heritage List in 2010.[3]

History

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The first Xia dynasty capital, Yangcheng, was built west of Gaocheng Township on the Yin River under the sacred Mount Song.

The famous Shaolin Monastery, traditionally considered the origin of Zen, is located in Dengfeng where they teach adults as well as children martial arts. It is also a famous tourist attraction.

Administrative divisions

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As of 2012, the city is divided to 3 subdistricts, 8 towns and 5 townships.[4]

Subdistricts
Towns
Townships

UNESCO World Heritage Site

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Shaolin Temple

In 2010, UNESCO inscribed several of the most renowned sites of Dengfeng onto its World Heritage List under the title "Historic Monuments of Dengfeng in 'The Center of Heaven and Earth'."[5] The World Heritage Site includes several historic gates, temples, a Confucian academy and the Gaocheng Observatory:[6]

  • Taishi Que (太室闕) Gates: Gates built in front of what would become the Zhongyue Temple in 118 AD, with carved reliefs of animals, trees, and spirits.[7]
  • Zhongyue Temple: A Taoist temple constructed in the 5th century, during Kou Qianzhi's reforms. Includes Juni Hall, a large hall for sacrificing to the gods, two stone statues built in 118 AD that are the oldest surviving stone statues in China.[7]
  • Shaoshi Que Gates: Han dynasty gates (dating to 123 AD), with pictures of horses galloping, a circus, and cuju, and ancient football game.[7]
  • Qimu Que Gates: A pair of gates built in 123 AD, with images that depict scenes of cockfights, floods, and visitation by the Roman Empire[7]
  • Songyue Temple Pagoda: Built between 508 and 511, it had very innovative architecture and became a template for many future pagodas.[7]
  • Shaolin Monastery and its Pagoda Forest: A complex of temples and over 240 pagodas, built over 1300 years starting in the 5th century. A major sacred site for Buddhism.[7]
  • Huishan Temple: A wooden temple built in the 12th century on the site of the astronomer Yi Xing's residence.[7]
  • Songyang Academy: Created in the Tang dynasty, it was considered one of the four greatest academies of classical learning in China. Contributed to the dissemination of Confucianism across China.[7]
  • Gaocheng Astronomical Observatory: an observatory built in the 13th century to accurately measure the world and create precise calendars.[3]

Other notable sites in Dengfeng include the Fawang Temple, a Buddhist temple built in the Tang dynasty.

Climate

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Climate data for Dengfeng, elevation 427 m (1,401 ft), (1991–2020 normals, extremes 1981–2010)
Month Jan Feb Mar Apr May Jun Jul Aug Sep Oct Nov Dec Year
Record high °C (°F) 18.8
(65.8) 		21.8
(71.2) 		31.7
(89.1) 		38.5
(101.3) 		38.0
(100.4) 		40.1
(104.2) 		39.4
(102.9) 		37.0
(98.6) 		37.6
(99.7) 		31.2
(88.2) 		27.4
(81.3) 		21.4
(70.5) 		40.1
(104.2)
Mean daily maximum °C (°F) 5.6
(42.1) 		9.1
(48.4) 		14.8
(58.6) 		21.7
(71.1) 		26.8
(80.2) 		30.7
(87.3) 		31.1
(88.0) 		29.7
(85.5) 		25.7
(78.3) 		20.6
(69.1) 		13.7
(56.7) 		7.7
(45.9) 		19.8
(67.6)
Daily mean °C (°F) 1.1
(34.0) 		4.1
(39.4) 		9.5
(49.1) 		16.1
(61.0) 		21.5
(70.7) 		25.6
(78.1) 		26.6
(79.9) 		25.3
(77.5) 		21.1
(70.0) 		15.8
(60.4) 		9.0
(48.2) 		3.2
(37.8) 		14.9
(58.8)
Mean daily minimum °C (°F) −2.5
(27.5) 		0.2
(32.4) 		5.0
(41.0) 		10.9
(51.6) 		16.3
(61.3) 		20.6
(69.1) 		22.8
(73.0) 		21.6
(70.9) 		17.1
(62.8) 		11.7
(53.1) 		5.2
(41.4) 		−0.3
(31.5) 		10.7
(51.3)
Record low °C (°F) −9.9
(14.2) 		−10.1
(13.8) 		−5.4
(22.3) 		−0.2
(31.6) 		7.2
(45.0) 		12.8
(55.0) 		17.4
(63.3) 		11.3
(52.3) 		9.8
(49.6) 		0.6
(33.1) 		−4.3
(24.3) 		−9.3
(15.3) 		−10.1
(13.8)
Average precipitation mm (inches) 9.5
(0.37) 		11.5
(0.45) 		19.8
(0.78) 		35.9
(1.41) 		57.2
(2.25) 		65.6
(2.58) 		133.1
(5.24) 		102.1
(4.02) 		69.6
(2.74) 		38.5
(1.52) 		24.8
(0.98) 		7.4
(0.29) 		575
(22.63)
Average precipitation days (≥ 0.1 mm) 4.1 4.2 5.7 6.1 7.5 8.2 11.8 11.0 9.0 6.8 5.3 3.6 83.3
Average snowy days 5.0 4.1 2.2 0.3 0 0 0 0 0 0 1.5 3.6 16.7
Average relative humidity (%) 50 53 52 53 54 58 72 74 67 59 56 49 58
Mean monthly sunshine hours 140.0 143.5 178.8 207.2 219.6 207.1 181.7 177.9 159.4 166.0 151.0 151.5 2,083.7
Percent possible sunshine 45 46 48 53 51 48 42 43 43 48 49 50 47
Source: China Meteorological Administration[8][9]

Transportation

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  •  
    Mt. Shaoshi
  •  
    Gaocheng Observatory
  •  
    Dengfeng Observatory
  •  
    Huishan Temple
  •  
    Shaolin Temple
  •  
    Pagoda Forest, Shaolin temple
  •  
    Shaoshi Que
  •  
    Fawang Temple
  •  
    Fawang temple Pagoda
  •  
    Pagoda of Songyue temple
  •  
    Taishi Que
  •  
    Songyang Academy
  •  
    Zhongyue Temple
  •  
    Chuzu Temple
  •  
    Monk Statue at Shaolin Temple
 
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See also

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References

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  1. ^ a b 最新人口信息 www.hongheiku.com (in Chinese). hongheiku. Retrieved 2021-01-12.
  2. ^ (in Chinese) Introduction to Dengfeng Archived 2007-10-22 at the Wayback Machine, official website of Dengfeng Government, visited on April 12, 2008.
  3. ^ a b c "Historic Monuments of Dengfeng in "The Center of Heaven and Earth"". UNESCO World Heritage Center.
  4. ^ 洛阳市-行政区划网 www.xzqh.org (in Chinese). XZQH. Retrieved 2012-05-24.
  5. ^ Historic Monuments of Dengfeng in "The Center of Heaven and Earth." UNESCO World Heritage Center
  6. ^ Historic Monuments of Dengfeng in "The Center of Heaven and Earth." UNESCO World Heritage Center
  7. ^ a b c d e f g h Historic Monuments of Dengfeng (China)L ICOMOS Evaluation (Report). International Council on Monuments and Sites. Retrieved 17 Apr 2021.
  8. ^ 中国气象数据网 – WeatherBk Data (in Simplified Chinese). China Meteorological Administration. Retrieved 12 August 2023.
  9. ^ 中国气象数据网 (in Simplified Chinese). China Meteorological Administration. Retrieved 12 August 2023.
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