Holothuriidae is a family of sea cucumbers, a type of echinoderm.[1]
| Holothuriidae | |
|---|---|
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| Holothuria pervicax | |
Scientific classification 
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| Domain: | Eukaryota |
| Kingdom: | Animalia |
| Phylum: | Echinodermata |
| Class: | Holothuroidea |
| Order: | Holothuriida |
| Family: | Holothuriidae Burmeister, 1837[1] |
| Genera | |
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5, see text | |
| Synonyms | |
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List
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Description
editMembers of the family Holothuriidae have thick fleshy bodies and several rows of tube feet which are used for moving around and for adhering to the surface. The body is often covered with blunt projections known as papillae. Many of the members of this family are able to eject a mass of fine sticky threads known as cuvierian tubules to distract predators, or even turn their viscera inside out.[2]
For the taxonomic determination, the genera Actinopyga and Bohadschia have their spicules exclusively shaped like sticks, and the genera Holothuria and Labidodemas never have theirs shaped like tables. Actinopyga is also equipped with anal teeth (modified podia), and never throw out Cuvieran tubules, just like Pearsonothuria.
Members of this family occur throughout the oceans of the world at low to middle latitudes. They often live in coral reefs and nearby sandy habitat types, and a few occur in deeper waters. In the Indo-Pacific they are often dominant taxa in coral reef habitat. Most species are detritivores.[3]
Genera
editThis is the second largest family of sea cucumbers with over 200 recognized species.[3]
Accepted genera are:[1]
- Actinopyga Bronn, 1860 – 18 species
- Bohadschia Jaeger, 1833 – 12 species
- Holothuria Linnaeus, 1767 – 163 species
- Labidodemas Selenka, 1867 – 8 species
- Pearsonothuria Levin in Levin, Kalinin & Stonik, 1984 – 1 species
References
edit- ^ a b c "Holothuriidae Burmeister, 1837". WoRMS. World Register of Marine Species. 2024. Retrieved 25 October 2024.
- ^ "Saltwater Aquariums". Archived from the original on 2015-09-07. Retrieved 2011-07-27.
- ^ a b Kerr, Alexander M.; Janies, Daniel A.; Clouse, Ronald M.; Samyn, Yves; Kuszak, Jeni; Kim, Junhyong (2004). "Molecular phylogeny of coral-reef sea cucumbers (Holothuriidae: Aspidochirotida) based on 16S mitochondrial ribosomal DNA sequence". Marine Biotechnology. 7 (1): 53–60. Bibcode:2005MarBt...7...53K. doi:10.1007/s10126-004-0019-y. PMID 15997365. S2CID 976615.