The Hong Kong coinage, including 10¢, 20¢, 50¢, $1, $2, $5 & $10, is issued by Hong Kong Monetary Authority on behalf of the Government of Hong Kong. From 1863 until 1992, these coins were embossed with the reigning British monarch's effigy. Since 1 January 1993, a new series depicting the bauhinia flower was gradually issued, including a new denomination of $10. Since the beginning of the coin replacement programme on 1 January 1993, over 585 million coins featuring Queen Elizabeth II have been withdrawn from circulation. However, these coins remain legal tender. The total value of coins in circulation in Hong Kong can be found in Monthly Statistical Bulletin and the Annual Report.
Historical denominations
editDiscontinued denominations
editThe following coin denominations are no longer circulated by the HKMA.
- The 1 mill coin was discontinued due to its unpopularity.
- 1 cent last issued in 1934, but the last mintage which was melted down by the Japanese or lost was dated 1941.
- The 5 cent coin was last issued in 1979 and minted for uncirculated coin sets in 1988.
| Value | Diameter | Weight | Thickness | Edge |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 mill 1863–1866 | 15 mm | 0.98 gr | 0.8 mm | Plain |
| 1 cent 1863–1926 | 27 mm | 7.53 g | 1.8 mm | Plain |
| 1 cent 1931–1941 | 21.5 mm | 4.05 g | 1.8 mm | Plain |
| 5 cent 1866–1935 | 15 mm | 1.34 g | 0.8 mm | Reeded |
| 5 cent 1937–1988 | 16.51 mm | 2.59 g | 1.73 mm | Reeded and reeded security edge |
Denominations with specifications changed
editThe following current denominations that have changed in size, shape, and or metal content.
| Denomination | Details |
|---|---|
| One-cent coin | First issued in 1863, the one-cent copper coin had a larger diameter of 27.8mm. The size remained unchanged until 1902 when the coin was reduced in size to 22mm. |
| Five-cent coin | From 1866 to 1933, the five-cent coin was struck in silver. After Hong Kong abandoned the silver standard in 1935, the coin's composition was changed to copper-nickel, and later nickel-brass in 1949 until its final issue in 1988. |
| Ten-cent coin | The ten-cent coin was first issued as a circular coin in 0.800 fineness silver in 1866. The coin's composition was changed to nickel in 1935, and to nickel-brass in 1948. The overall design was changed in 1982, becoming a nickel-brass coin 17.5mm in diameter. |
| Twenty-cent coin | The twenty-cent coin was first issued as a circular coin in 0.800 fineness silver in 1866. The overall design was changed in 1975, becoming a scallop-shaped nickel-brass coin. |
| Fifty-cent coin | First issued by the Hong Kong government from 1866 to 1868, the fifty-cent coin contained 90% silver and had a diameter of 32mm. During the reign of George VI, this denomination was re-introduced, struck in copper-nickel and with a reduced diameter of 23.5mm. In 1977, a nickel-brass coin with a similar design was issued, except for the further reduced diameter. |
| One-dollar coin | The dollar coin experienced three stages of change. First issued from 1866 to 1868, it was minted in 90% silver with a 38mm diameter. The coin was re-introduced in 1960, where copper-nickel coins with a diameter of 29.8mm were issued. The coin was most recently re-sized in 1978, in which the diameter was further reduced to 25.5mm. |
| Five-dollar coin | The first series of decagon shaped five-dollar coin was issued in 1976. Yet, as it was easily counterfeited during that era, the colonial government decided to change the design of the five-dollar coin to a circle-shaped design with security edge starting 1980. |
Coins in circulation before 1992
edit
Queen Victoria series (1866–1901)
King Edward VII series (1902–1910)
King George V series (1911–1936)
King George VI series (1937–1951)
Queen Elizabeth II series (1952–1992)
| Queen Elizabeth II Series | ||||
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Value | Description | Date of | ||
| Obverse | Reverse | first minting | issue | |
| 10¢ | King George VI, "KING GEORGE THE SIXTH" | Value, title of the country, year of minting | 1948 | |
| 10¢ | Queen Elizabeth II, "QUEEN ELIZABETH THE SECOND" | 1955 | ||
| 20¢ | 1975 | |||
| 50¢ | King George VI, "KING GEORGE THE SIXTH" | Value, title of the country, year of minting | 1951 | |
| 50¢ | Queen Elizabeth II, "QUEEN ELIZABETH THE SECOND" | Value, title of the country, year of minting | 1958 | |
| $1 | Queen Elizabeth II, "QUEEN ELIZABETH THE SECOND" | Crest in the Coat of Arms of Hong Kong, value, title of the country, year of minting | 1960 | |
| $2 | 1975 | |||
| $5 | 1976 | |||
| $5 | Value, title of the country, year of minting | 1980 | ||
Coins in circulation since 1993
editOn New Year's Day (1 January) 1993 at stroke of midnight HKT, prior to the official establishment of the Hong Kong Special Administrative Region, coins with Queen Elizabeth II's portrait ended production. All new banknotes and coins in circulation feature Hong Kong's Bauhinia flower or other symbols. Coins with the Queen's portrait are still legal tender and are in circulation. Because the redesign was highly sensitive both politically and economically, the designing process of the new coins could not be entrusted to an artist but was undertaken by Joseph Yam, Chief Executive of the Hong Kong Monetary Authority, himself who found in the Bauhinia the requested "politically neutral design" and did a secret "scissors and paste job". On New Year's Day (1 January) 1993 at stroke of midnight HKT, The new coins were officially launched and introduced along with the new banknotes.
Hong Kong officially introduced a new series of coin on New Year's Day (1 January) 1993 at stroke of midnight HKT in denominations of 10-cent, 20-cent, 50-cent, HK$1, HK$2 and HK$10.
Since the introduction of the Octopus card in 1997, small value payments and purchases in Hong Kong are mostly made as Octopus transactions. The Hong Kong Monetary Authority did not issue any new coinage from 1998 to 2011 as the territory had stored enough for use. The increased consumption of coins in the territory since 2004 would influence the Hong Kong Monetary Authority to resume minting coins in 2012.[1]
The obverse of newer coin bear the standard bauhinia, with the word "Hong Kong" in Chinese characters and English. The reverse features the denomination in Chinese characters and English with a large Arabic numeral in the centre and the year of issue below.
| Bauhinia Series (since 1993) | ||||||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Value | Specifications | Description | Date of | |||||
| Diameter | Mass | Edge | Composition | Obverse | Reverse | first minting | issue | |
| 10-cent | 17.5 mm | 1.85 g | plain | brass-plated steel | Bauhinia, "HONG KONG" | Value, year of minting | 1993 | 1 January 1993 |
| 20-cent | 18.0-19.0 mm | 2.59 g | scalloped | |||||
| 50-cent | 22.5 mm | 4.92 g | milled | |||||
| HK$1 | 25.5 mm | 7.1 g | milled | cupronickel | Bauhinia, "HONG KONG" | Value, year of minting | 1993 | 1 January 1993 |
| HK$2 | 26.3-28.0 mm | 8.41 g | scalloped | 1 January 1993 | ||||
| HK$5 | 27.0 mm | 13.5 g | milled with lettered middle groove | |||||
| HK$10 | 24.0 mm | 11.0 g | alternate plain & milled | cupronickel ring, brass center | Bauhinia, "HONG KONG" | Value, year of minting | 1993 | 1 January 1993 |
Security features
editThe $10 coin is made of two metals: a white nickel alloy outer ring and a brass inner core. The standard bauhinia on the obverse gives a sharp embossed image. The neat bonding between the outer and inner rings gives it another unique feature. The $10 coin has an alternate plain and milled edge. The $5 coin has a milled edge. A groove running within the milled edging contains raised English and Chinese characters, which read "Hong Kong Five Dollars". The $1 and 50¢ coins have simple milled edges. The $2 and 20¢ coins have scalloped edges. The 10¢ coin has a plain edge. Under Hong Kong law (sections 98 – 102 of Cap. 200), anyone who makes or possesses or controls or passes any counterfeit note or coin commits an offense and is liable on conviction to imprisonment for up to 14 years.
Commemorative coins and coin sets
editCommemorative coins issued before 1997
edit- Lunar Zodiac Animal coin set, 1976–1986
- Royal Visit, 1975
- Royal Visit, 1986
- Proof Coin Collection, 1988
Commemorative coins issued after 1997
editOpening of the Lantau Link, May 1997
editTo mark the opening of the Lantau Link, the HKMA issued a philatelic numismatic cover in May 1997, the first of its kind in Hong Kong. The Lantau Link is the first road link between Lantau Island, where the new airport is located, and the rest of Hong Kong.
Establishment of the Hong Kong Special Administrative Region, July 1997
editTo commemorate the establishment of the Hong Kong Special Administrative Region on 1 July 1997, the HKMA, on behalf of the Government, issued a HK$1,000 commemorative proof gold coin, 97,000 proof sets and an unknown number of brilliant uncirculated set of seven coins with the same denominations as the coins currently in circulation. On the obverse side of each of these seven coins is the standard Bauhinia design, with a special commemorative design and denomination on the reverse.[2]
Opening of the Hong Kong International Airport, July 1998
editTo mark the opening of the Hong Kong International Airport in July 1998, 15,000 $1,000 commemorative proof gold coin was issued. The gold coin features a design symbolising Hong Kong's ascent into the new century and bears the standard Bauhinia design on the obverse side.
The Five Blessings Commemorative Coin Set, February 2002
editTo mark the fifth year of the establishment of the Hong Kong Special Administrative Region, the HKMA, on behalf of the Government, issued 60,000 limited edition coin set that consists of five HK$50 silver coins with a gold-plated inner core, and a 9999 pure gold medallion. The five silver coins are individually engraved with a phrase and symbol of traditional blessing.
Coins sources
editList of mints that issued Hong Kong's coins in the past:[3]
- Royal Mint, London
- Royal Mint, Hong Kong branch
- James Watt and Company Soho, Birmingham
- R. Heaton and Sons Limited (now The Mint, Birmingham Limited)
- King's Norton Metal Company Limited
References
edit
- ^ "Hong Kong mints new batch of HK$5 coins for first time in 14 years". South China Morning Post. 2 October 2012.
- ^ "HKMA" (PDF).
- ^ "Hong Kong Coin History". Archived from the original on 15 August 2015. Retrieved 13 February 2013.
- Ma Tak Wo, 2004. Illustrated Catalogue of Hong Kong Currency, Ma Tak Wo Numismatic Co., LTD. Kowloon, Hong Kong. ISBN 962-85939-3-5.
- Anthony Lee, 2008. Hong Kong Coins Guide (李漢民: 香港錢幣目錄), Collectables AL, Hong Kong.