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Hsinchu

(Redirected from Hsin-chu)
This article is about Hsinchu City. For the neighboring county with the same name, see Hsinchu County.

Hsinchu ([I] Chinese: 新竹; pinyin: Xīnzhú) is a city located in northwestern Taiwan. It is the most populous city in Taiwan that is not a special municipality, with estimated 450,655 inhabitants.[3] Hsinchu is a coastal city bordering the Taiwan Strait to the west, Hsinchu County to the north and east, and Miaoli County to the south. Hsinchu is nicknamed the Windy City for its strong northeastern monsoon during the autumn and winter seasons.[4]

Hsinchu
新竹[I]
Shinchiku (Japanese reading)
City
Hsinchu City
Clockwise from top: Hsinchu Railway Station, Hsinchu City Government Building, Hsinchu City East Gate, Hsinchu Chenghuang Temple, Hsinchu Zoo, Hsinchu City Moat Park, Hsinchu City Art Gallery and Reclamation Hall
Flag of Hsinchu
Flag
Official seal of Hsinchu
Logo
Nickname: 
Windy City (風城) or Chu City (竹市)
Location of Hsinchu
Hsinchu is located in Taiwan
Hsinchu
Hsinchu
Location within Taiwan
Coordinates: 24°49′N 120°59′E / 24.817°N 120.983°E / 24.817; 120.983
Country Republic of China (Taiwan)
ProvinceTaiwan Province (government suspended)
RegionNorthern Taiwan
First mentioned as Tek-kham1626
City established1711
Renamed to Hsinchu1878
Part of Shinchiku Prefecture17 April 1895
Reconstituted as a provincial city9 November 1945
Demoted to county-administered city within Hsinchu County1 December 1951
Provincial city status restored1 July 1982
SeatNorth District
Districts
3 districts
Government
 • Body
 • MayorAndy Chiu (TPP)
Area
[1]
 • Total104.15 km2 (40.21 sq mi)
 • Rank20 out of 22
Population
 (March 2023)[2]
 • Total453,536
 • Rank15 of 22
 • Density4,400/km2 (11,000/sq mi)
Time zoneUTC+8 (National Standard Time)
Postal code
300
Area code(0)3
ISO 3166 codeTW-HSZ
BirdEurasian magpie (Pica pica)
FlowerAzalea
Websitewww.hccg.gov.tw/en/ Edit this at Wikidata
Hsinchu
Chinese name
Chinese新竹
Literal meaningNew Bamboo
Transcriptions
Standard Mandarin
Hanyu PinyinXīnzhú
Bopomofoㄒㄧㄣ ㄓㄨˊ
Gwoyeu RomatzyhShinjwu
Wade–GilesHsin1-chu2
Tongyong PinyinSinjhú
Yale RomanizationSyīnjú
MPS2Shīnjú
IPA[ɕín.ʈʂǔ]
Hakka
Pha̍k-fa-sṳSîn-chuk
Southern Min
Hokkien POJSin-tek
Tâi-lôSin-tik
Japanese name
Kanji新竹
Hiraganaしんちく
Katakanaシンチク
Transcriptions
Revised HepburnShinchiku
Kunrei-shikiSintiku
Former names
Zhuqian
Traditional Chinese竹塹
Literal meaningBamboo natural barrier
Transcriptions
Standard Mandarin
Hanyu PinyinZhúqiàn
Bopomofoㄓㄨˊ ㄑㄧㄢˋ
Wade–GilesChu2-ch‘ien4
Tongyong PinyinJhúciàn
IPA[ʈʂǔ.tɕʰjɛ̂n]
Southern Min
Hokkien POJTek-khàm
Nicknames
Windy City
Traditional Chinese風城
Transcriptions
Standard Mandarin
Hanyu PinyinFēngchéng
Bopomofoㄈㄥ ㄔㄥˊ
Gwoyeu RomatzyhFengcherng
Wade–GilesFeng1-chʻeng2
Tongyong PinyinFongchéng
Yale RomanizationFēngchéng
MPS2Fēngchéng
IPA[fə́ŋ.ʈʂʰə̌ŋ]

The area was originally settled by the Austronesian Taiwanese indigenous peoples, with the settlement being named "Tek-kham" by the Hoklo immigrants. The city was founded by Han Chinese settlers in 1711, and renamed "Hsinchu" in 1878. During Japanese rule, the city was named "Shinchiku" and was the seat of Shinchiku Prefecture. The prefecture encompassed present-day Hsinchu City and County, as well as entire Taoyuan and Miaoli. After the ROC rule in 1945, the urban area of Hsinchu was organized as a provincial city.

In 1980, the Taiwanese government established the Hsinchu Science Park, an industrial centre for semiconductor manufacturing. The headquarters of TSMC, a semiconductor foundry, MediaTek and United Microelectronics Corporation, are all located in the park.[5][6][7]

Besides its industry, Hsinchu is a cultural center of Taiwan.[8] The Chenghuang Temple of Hsinchu, built in 1747, is a common prayer destination. The research institutions of National Yang Ming Chiao Tung University and National Tsing Hua University are both located near the science park.

Etymology

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Hsin-chu is the Wade-Giles romanization of the Mandarin pronunciation of the Chinese name 新竹. The same name is rendered Xīnzhú in Hanyu Pinyin and Sinjhú in Tongyong Pinyin.

This name refers to the settlement's original Hokkien name Tek-chhàm (竹塹),[9] meaning "bamboo barrier".[10] The name may transcribe an aboriginal[which?] name meaning "Seashore".[citation needed] The same name is variously recorded as Teukcham,[11] Teuxham,[11] Tekcham,[12] and Teckcham;[13] its Mandarin pronunciation appears as Chuchien.[10]

Hsinchu is popularly nicknamed "The Windy City" for its windy climate[14] and "The Garden City of Culture and Technology" by its tourism department.[10]

History

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Main article: History of Hsinchu

Early settlement

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The area around Hsinchu City was inhabited by the Taokas aborigines[citation needed][15] when the Spanish occupied northern Taiwan in the 17th century. Catholic missionaries reached the settlement of Tek-kham in 1626. The Spanish were expelled by the Dutch a few decades later.

Qing Dynasty

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Under the Qing, a Chinese town was established at Tek-kham by Wang Shih-chieh [zh] and other Han settlers in 1711.[10] Wang and his party of over 180 people were natives of Kinmen who first camped alongside what is now Dongqian Street in East District, Hsinchu.[16]

As part of the reorganization of Taiwan by Shen Baozhen, the viceroy of Liangjiang, Zhuqian Subprefecture (i.e., Tek-kham) was raised to the level of a county and renamed Xinzhu (i.e., Sin-tek or Hsinchu) in 1878.[17] When Taiwan was made a province in 1887, Hsinchu was made a part of Taipeh Prefecture.

Japanese rule

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Map of Hsinchu (labeled as SHINCHIKU) and surrounding area (1944)

During the Japanese occupation following the First Sino-Japanese War, the city—known at the time as Shinchiku—was among the province's most populous. In 1904, its 16,371 residents ranked it in 7th place, behind Keelung and ahead of Changhua ("Shoka"). Shinchiku was raised to town status in 1920 and city status in 1930. At the same time, it became the seat of Shinchiku Prefecture. In 1941, its prefecture was expanded, annexing Xiangshan ("Kōzan"). Jiugang ("Kyūminato") and Liujia ("Rokka") merged to become Zhubei ("Chikuhoku").

Republic of China

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The Nationalist government of the Republic of China established the Hsinchu City Government in 1945 to oversee all of what had been Shinchiku Prefecture under the Japanese.

In 1946, the Take-Over Committee dissolved and replaced by the Hsinchu County Government, located in Taoyuan. As the administrative districts were readjusted, Hsinchu was granted provincial city status. It used the old prefecture office as its city hall at 120 Chung Cheng Road. In February 1946, representative congresses were formed for seven district offices. On 15 April, the city congress was formed. Provincial representatives were elected from among the city legislators.

On 16 August 1950, the administrative districts on Taiwan were re-adjusted once more, demarcating 16 counties and 5 provincial cities.

In June 1982, under presidential order, the Xiangshan Township of Hsinchu County merged into Hsinchu City. A new municipal government was formally established on 1 July 1982, comprising 103 villages and 1,635 neighborhoods. These were organized into the East, North, and Xiangshan districts by 1 November.[18] By June 1983, the new government consisted of three bureaus (Civil Service, Public Works, and Education), four departments (Finance, Social Welfare, Compulsory Military Service, and Land Affairs), four offices (Secretary, Planning, Personnel, and Auditing), and 49 various sections. The Police Department, Tax Department, and Medicine and Hygiene Department were considered affiliate institutions.

From 1994 to 1999, as Taiwan made its transition from authoritarian rule to a representative democracy and the mostly pro forma provincial level of government began to be dissolved, regulations were established for the self-government of Hsinchu. A deputy mayor, consumer officer, and three consultants were added to the city government. In 2002, the city added a Bureau of Labor and transferred Compulsory Military Service to the Department of Civil Service.

A movement is underway from 2021 to have Hsinchu City and Hsinchu County to be upgraded to the nation's seventh special municipality.[19]

Geography

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The city is bordered by Hsinchu County to the north and east, Miaoli County to the south, and the Taiwan Strait to the west.

Climate

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Hsinchu's climate is humid subtropical (Koppen: Cfa). The city is located in a part of the island that has a rainy season that lasts from February to September, with the heaviest time coming late April through August during the southwest monsoon, and also experiences heavy "plum rains" in May and early June.[20] The city succumbs to hot humid weather from June until September, while October to December are arguably the most pleasant times of year. Hsinchu is affected by easterly winds off of the East China Sea. Natural hazards such as typhoons and earthquakes are common in the region.[21][22][23]

Climate data for Hsinchu City (1991–2020 normals, extremes 1938–present）
Month Jan Feb Mar Apr May Jun Jul Aug Sep Oct Nov Dec Year
Record high °C (°F) 30.3
(86.5) 		30.6
(87.1) 		33.8
(92.8) 		34.1
(93.4) 		35.5
(95.9) 		37.4
(99.3) 		38.0
(100.4) 		39.4
(102.9) 		38.8
(101.8) 		37.9
(100.2) 		34.4
(93.9) 		31.1
(88.0) 		39.4
(102.9)
Mean daily maximum °C (°F) 19.1
(66.4) 		19.4
(66.9) 		21.6
(70.9) 		25.6
(78.1) 		28.9
(84.0) 		31.5
(88.7) 		33.2
(91.8) 		32.8
(91.0) 		31.2
(88.2) 		28.0
(82.4) 		25.1
(77.2) 		21.1
(70.0) 		26.5
(79.6)
Daily mean °C (°F) 15.7
(60.3) 		16.0
(60.8) 		18.0
(64.4) 		21.9
(71.4) 		25.2
(77.4) 		27.9
(82.2) 		29.3
(84.7) 		28.9
(84.0) 		27.3
(81.1) 		24.4
(75.9) 		21.5
(70.7) 		17.7
(63.9) 		22.8
(73.1)
Mean daily minimum °C (°F) 13.1
(55.6) 		13.4
(56.1) 		15.2
(59.4) 		18.9
(66.0) 		22.2
(72.0) 		24.9
(76.8) 		26.0
(78.8) 		25.8
(78.4) 		24.4
(75.9) 		21.8
(71.2) 		18.8
(65.8) 		15.1
(59.2) 		20
(68)
Record low °C (°F) −0.1
(31.8) 		3.5
(38.3) 		3.4
(38.1) 		4.9
(40.8) 		11.7
(53.1) 		14.7
(58.5) 		20.2
(68.4) 		18.9
(66.0) 		14.7
(58.5) 		9.5
(49.1) 		6.6
(43.9) 		4.0
(39.2) 		−0.1
(31.8)
Average precipitation mm (inches) 75.7
(2.98) 		123.0
(4.84) 		159.8
(6.29) 		161.9
(6.37) 		249.0
(9.80) 		252.0
(9.92) 		120.2
(4.73) 		197.1
(7.76) 		174.5
(6.87) 		53.6
(2.11) 		51.1
(2.01) 		57.7
(2.27) 		1,675.6
(65.95)
Average precipitation days (≥ 0.1 mm) 9.8 11.3 13.5 12.7 12.0 10.6 7.9 10.7 8.9 5.5 6.8 8.0 117.7
Average relative humidity (%) 78.3 80.4 79.6 78.4 78.1 77.0 74.3 75.9 74.5 73.8 75.5 76.3 76.8
Mean monthly sunshine hours 106.7 91.0 101.0 111.6 145.4 185.0 240.6 209.7 193.5 190.0 144.8 126.1 1,845.4
Source: Central Weather Bureau[24][25][26][27][28]

Government

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Andy Chiu, the incumbent Mayor of Hsinchu
 
Hsinchu City Government
 
Hsinchu City Council
Populations by city and country in Taiwan
YearPop.±%
1985 304,010—    
1990 324,426+6.7%
1995 340,255+4.9%
2000 368,439+8.3%
2005 394,757+7.1%
2010 415,344+5.2%
2015 434,060+4.5%
2020 451,412+4.0%
Source: "Populations by city and country in Taiwan". Ministry of the Interior. May 2018.

Hsinchu City is administered as a city. North District is the seat of Hsinchu City which houses the Hsinchu City Government and Hsinchu City Council. The incumbent acting Mayor is Andy Chiu of the Taiwan People's Party.

Administrative divisions

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Hsinchu has 3 districts (區):[29][30]

Map Name Chinese Hokkien Hakka Population (March 2023) Area (km²)
  East 東區 Tang Tûng 222,223 33.5768
North 北區 Pak Pet 152,504 15.7267
Xiangshan 香山區 Hiong-san Hiông-sân 78,809 54.8491

Colors indicate the common language status of Hakka within each division.

Politics

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The city was historically pan-Blue[citation needed] but in recent years,[when?] the pan-Green coalition has started to rise in popularity. As a result, local factions have decreased in power, and political parties have greater importance in local elections.[31][not specific enough to verify]

Hsinchu City elected a Kuomintang legislator, Cheng Cheng-chien, as its representative in the Legislative Yuan during the 2020 Taiwan general election, flipping the seat from the Democratic Progressive Party. Cheng won reelection in the 2024 election.

In July 2024, then-Mayor Ann Kao was suspended from her duties and sentenced to prison for violating the Anti-Corruption Act and the Criminal Code.[32] Deputy Mayor Andy Chiu subsequently assumed the duties of Mayor.

Economy

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The Hsinchu Science Park has around 360 companies.[33] The purpose of the park is to attract high-tech investment to Taiwan. Since its establishment in 1978, the government has invested over NT$30 billion in software and hardware ventures. In 2001, it developed 2.5 km2 (0.97 sq mi) of land in the park and 0.5 km2 (0.19 sq mi) in southern Hsinchu.[citation needed]

The semiconductor and related electronic businesses have faced competition from South Korea and the United States. This has resulted in lower profits and an oversupply of some electronic products, such as memory and semiconductors.[citation needed]

In 2020, Hsinchu was classified as a "Sufficiency" level global city by the Globalization and World Cities Research Network.[34]

Education

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National Tsing Hua University
 
National Yang Ming Chiao Tung University

Hsinchu City is one of the most focused educational centers in northern Taiwan. It has six universities in this concentrated area, and among these universities, National Yang Ming Chiao Tung University and National Tsing Hua University are focused on by the government of Taiwan. Other public and private educational institutions in the city included 33 elementary schools, 19 middle schools, 12 high schools and a complete secondary school.[citation needed]

International schools (grade school and secondary school)

High Schools

Universities

Tourist attractions

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Hsinchu Fish Harbor
 
Hsinchu Baseball Stadium

Some tourist attractions in Hsinchu include:

Sports

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Taiwan's Chinese Professional Baseball League has a professional baseball team, Wei Chuan Dragons, based in Hsinchu.[41]

Major sporting events held by Hsinchu include:

Transportation

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Hsinchu railway station
 
Hsinchu Bus Station

Rail

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Hsinchu City is mainly served by Hsinchu railway station, along with five other minor TRA stations on both the Western Trunk line and the Neiwan line. There is also an HSR station in nearby Zhubei, Hsinchu County on Taiwan High Speed Rail.

Cycling

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Hsinchu City has recently created a series of cycling routes. Hsinchu is home to many cycling clubs.

Sea ports

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Fishing ports are located at Nanliao Street, North District, and Haishan, Xiangshan.

Airport

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Hsinchu Airport is located in the North District and is mainly used as a military airbase. The nearest international airport is Taoyuan International Airport, which is located 58 km away from the city.

Notable natives

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International relations

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Main article: List of twin towns and sister cities in Taiwan (Republic of China)

Twin towns – sister cities

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Hsinchu is twinned with:[42]

City Region Country Since
Beaverton Oregon   United States 1988
Cary North Carolina   United States 1993
Cupertino California   United States 1998
Richland Washington   United States 1988
Plano Texas   United States 2003
Okayama Okayama Prefecture   Japan 2003
Puerto Princesa Palawan   Philippines 2006
Fairfield New South Wales   Australia 1994
Chiayi City Taiwan   Taiwan 2002
Airai Airai   Palau 2011

See also

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Notes

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Words in native languages

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  1. ^ a b

References

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  1. ^ 《中華民國統計資訊網》縣市重要統計指標查詢系統網 (in Chinese). Archived from the original on 12 June 2016. Retrieved 9 July 2016.
  2. ^ 新竹市統計月報 (in Chinese (Taiwan)). Hsinchu City Government. Retrieved 9 July 2016.[dead link‍]
  3. ^ 中華民國內政部戶政司 (1 May 2018). "中華民國 內政部戶政司 全球資訊網". 中華民國內政部戶政司. Retrieved 29 April 2020.
  4. ^ "Natural climate". Hsinchu City Government. 22 January 2016. Retrieved 4 November 2022.
  5. ^ "TSMC tops list of corporate taxpayers with NT$55bn". Taipei Times. 15 July 2022. Retrieved 1 July 2024.
  6. ^ Wang, Lisa (1 February 2024). "MediaTek profit up on higher demand". Taipei Times. Retrieved 1 July 2024.
  7. ^ Wang, Lisa (1 February 2024). "UMC net profit falls 30.8% on slow demand". Taipei Times. Retrieved 1 July 2024.
  8. ^ Kelly Her (1 July 2019). "Taiwan Review-Culturally Connected". Taiwan Today. Retrieved 3 March 2023.
  9. ^ "竹塹 Tik-tshàm". 臺灣閩南語常用詞辭典 (in Chinese). Ministry of Education, R.O.C. 2011. Retrieved 13 November 2020.
  10. ^ a b c d Wang, Erika (25 October 2007), "Hsinchu Owns Rich History, Culture, and Natural Resources", China Post, Taipei: China Post, archived from the original on 30 October 2013, retrieved 7 December 2019.
  11. ^ a b "Formosa" . Encyclopædia Britannica. Vol. IX (9th ed.). 1879. pp. 415–417.
  12. ^ Page 7, Report for the Year 1898 on the Trade of North Formosa (Her Majesty’s Stationery Office, Her Britannic Majesty’s Government, 1899)
  13. ^ Page 180, The Island of Formosa: Past and Present (Macmillan & Co., 1903)
  14. ^ "Hsinchu Taiwan – The Windy City of Food and Fun". Asian Wanderlust. 28 October 2018. Retrieved 9 June 2022.
  15. ^ "History of Hsinchu". TravelTill. Retrieved 9 June 2022.
  16. ^ Han Cheung (2 October 2022). "Taiwan in Times: Hsinchu's first Han settler". Taipei Times. Retrieved 2 October 2022.
  17. ^ Davidson, James W. (1903), The Island of Formosa, Past and Present: History, People, Resources, and Commercial Prospects: Tea, Camphor, Sugar, Gold, Coal, Sulphur, Economical Plants, and Other Productions, London: Macmillan, p. 211, OCLC 1887893, OL 6931635M, archived from the original on 8 January 2015, retrieved 12 June 2016.
  18. ^ "Rezoning Taiwan". Taiwan Today. 1 February 2011. Retrieved 9 December 2020.
  19. ^ "Amendment paving way for Hsinchu city-county merger clears first hurdle - Focus Taiwan". 24 December 2021.
  20. ^ "Monthly Mean Days of Precipitation". Climate Data. ROC Central Weather Bureau. Archived from the original on 3 December 2005. Retrieved 8 March 2006.
  21. ^ "Rescuers hunt quake survivors". BBC. 21 September 1999. Archived from the original on 2 April 2019. Retrieved 31 March 2008.
  22. ^ "Recent Earthquakes Near Hsinchu, Taiwan, Taiwan". Archived from the original on 20 July 2016. Retrieved 4 July 2017.
  23. ^ "Earthquakes Today". Archived from the original on 2 May 2016. Retrieved 4 July 2017.
  24. ^ "Monthly Mean". Central Weather Bureau. Archived from the original on 9 December 2022. Retrieved 29 November 2022.
  25. ^ "氣象站各月份最高氣溫統計" (PDF) (in Chinese). Central Weather Bureau. Retrieved 29 November 2022.
  26. ^ "氣象站各月份最高氣溫統計(續)" (PDF) (in Chinese). Central Weather Bureau. Archived from the original (PDF) on 17 October 2022. Retrieved 29 November 2022.
  27. ^ "氣象站各月份最低氣溫統計" (PDF) (in Chinese). Central Weather Bureau. Retrieved 29 November 2022.
  28. ^ "氣象站各月份最低氣溫統計(續)" (PDF) (in Chinese). Central Weather Bureau. Archived from the original (PDF) on 19 December 2022. Retrieved 29 November 2022.
  29. ^ 臺灣地區鄉鎮市區級以上行政區域名稱中英對照表 (PDF). Online Translation System of Geographic Name, Ministry of Interior. 16 June 2011. p. 13. Archived from the original (PDF) on 25 March 2012.
  30. ^ "Geographic location". Hsinchu City Government. 22 January 2016. Archived from the original on 21 October 2016. Retrieved 7 June 2019.
  31. ^ 林, 清察 (15 May 2006). 台灣與大陸政治評論集 (in Chinese (Taiwan)). 秀威資訊.
  32. ^ Thomson, Jono (26 July 2024). "Kao Hung-an exits TPP and stripped of mayoralty". Taiwan News. Retrieved 9 October 2024.
  33. ^ "Hsinchu highest salary in Taiwan, Taichung lo..." Taiwan News. 10 May 2017. Archived from the original on 6 March 2019. Retrieved 2 March 2019.
  34. ^ "The World According to GaWC 2020". GaWC - Research Network. Globalization and World Cities. Retrieved 31 August 2020.
  35. ^ "Pacific American School". www.pacificamerican.org. Archived from the original on 30 June 2019. Retrieved 7 December 2019.
  36. ^ "Hsinchu International School". hc.edu.tw. Archived from the original on 9 May 2019. Retrieved 7 December 2019.
  37. ^ "Hsinchu American School". hc.edu.tw. Archived from the original on 21 December 2007. Retrieved 9 January 2008.
  38. ^ "Theme Tours - Department of Tourism Hsinchu City Government". hccg.gov.tw. Archived from the original on 4 October 2015. Retrieved 9 June 2015.
  39. ^ "Experience the True Heart of Taiwan". taiwan.net.tw. Archived from the original on 16 June 2008. Retrieved 21 May 2008.
  40. ^ "Neiwan Old Street travel guide of hot destinations (Sinotour)–Taiwan travel hotels, Hsinchu County tourism, Neiwan Old Street". Archived from the original on 5 November 2013. Retrieved 5 November 2013.
  41. ^ "Dragons". CPBL. Chinese Professional Baseball League. Retrieved 1 January 2023.
  42. ^ "Sister Cities". Hsinchu City Government. Archived from the original on 15 February 2015. Retrieved 15 February 2015.
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