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The Huáyí yìyǔ (Chinese: 華夷譯語; lit. 'Sino-Foreign vocabularies') refers to a series of vocabularies produced by Ming and Qing dynasty Chinese administration for the study of foreign languages. They are a precious source of phonological information, both for the study of Chinese pronunciation and for the study of the languages in question.
Categorization
editThe relevant works of the huáyí yìyǔ fall into four categories: A Sino-Mongolian vocabulary compiled by Huo Yuanjie (火源潔), 2. Vocabularies that were compiled and re-edited in the Siyiguan (四夷館). 3. Vocabularies prepared by the Huitongguan (會同館). 4. Qing dynasty vocabularies.[1]
Languages covered in the Siyiguan
editThe languages covered by works in the second class include:
- 韃靼 Mongolian
- 女直 Jurchen
- 西番 “Western Barbarians” (Khams Tibetan)
- 西天 "India" (Middle Indo-Aryan languages)
- 回回 Early New Persian,[2][3]
- 高昌 Uighur
- 百夷 Daic languages
- 緬甸 Burmese
- 八百 Babai (Lanna)
- and 暹羅 Siamese.
Tatsuo Nishida published a book studying each, the Tibetan,[4] Burmese,[5] Tosu[6] and Lolo [7] languages as recorded in the Hua-yi yiu.
Languages covered in the Huitongguan
editThe languages covered by works in the third class covered:
- 朝鮮 Korean
- 琉球 Ryukyuan
- 日本 Japanese
- 安南 (Annan) northern Vietnam
- 暹羅 Siamese
- 韃靼 Khitan (the Eastern Mongols)
- 畏兀兒/委兀兒 Uighur
- 滿剌加 Malaccan Malay
- 占城 Champa of southern Vietnam
- 西番 “Western Barbarians” (Tibetans of the Kham region)
- 回回 Persian
- 女直 Jurchen
- 百夷 Baiyi
See also
editReferences
edit- ^ YONG-SŎNG LI, The Uighur Word Materials in a Manuscript of Huá-yí-yì-yǔ (華夷譯語) in the Library of Seoul National University (V) — 天文門 tianwenmen ‘the category of astronomy’ Journal of the Royal Asiatic Society; Cambridge Vol. 29, Iss. 2, (Apr 2019): 257-318. DOI:10.1017/S1356186318000433
- ^ Ido, Shinji (2018). "Chapter 2: Huihuiguan zazi: A New Persian glossary compiled in Ming China". Trends in Iranian and Persian Linguistics. De Gruyter Mouton. pp. 21–52. doi:10.1515/9783110455793-003.
- ^ Ido, Shinji (2015). "New Persian vowels transcribed in Ming China". Iranian languages and literatures of Central Asia: from the 18th century to the present. Association pour l’Avancement des Études Iraniennes. pp. 99–136.
- ^ Nishida Tatsuo 西田 龍雄 1970. Seibankan Yakugo no kenkyū: Chibetto gengogaku josetsu 西番館譯語の研究：チベット言語學序説 (A study of the Tibetan-Chinese vocabulary Hsi-fan-kuan i-yu: An introduction to Tibetan linguistics). Ka-i Yakugo kenkyū sōsho 華夷譯語研究叢書1. Kyoto: 松香堂Shōkadō.
- ^ Nishida Tatsuo 西田 龍雄 1972. Mentenkan Yakugo no kenkyū: Biruma gengogaku josetsu 緬甸館譯語の研究：ビルマ言語學序説 (A study of the Burmese-Chinese vocabulary Mien-tien-kuan i-yu: An introduction to Burmese linguistics). Ka-i Yakugo kenkyū sōsho 2. Kyoto: Shōkadō.
- ^ Nishida Tatsuo 西田 龍雄 1973. Tosu Yakugo no kenkyū: Shin gengo Tosugo no kōzō to keitō 多續譯語の研究：新言語トス語の構造と系統 (A study of the Tosu-Chinese vocabulary Tos i-yu: The stricture and linage of Tosu, a new language.) Ka-i Yakugo kenkyū sōsho 6. Kyoto: Shōkadō.
- ^ 西田龍雄(1980) 1979. Roro Yakugo no kenkyū: Rorogo no kōzō to keitō 倮儸譯語の研究：ロロ語の構造と系統 (A study of the Lolo-Chinese vocabulary Lolo i-yu: The stricture and linage of Shui-liao Lolo.) Ka-i Yakugo kenkyū sōsho 6. Kyoto: Shōkadō.
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