Bombina maxima, commonly known as the Yunnan firebelly toad or large-webbed bell toad, is a species of toad in the family Bombinatoridae found in Yunnan, China and likely to Myanmar.[2] Its natural habitats include swamps, springs, marshes, arable land, canals, and ditches.[3] Although easy to care for, handling a large-webbed toad should be kept to a minimum because their skin secretes a toxin that can cause irritation[4] This toxin is rich in active proteins and antimicrobial peptides that are essential in maintaining its innate immunity and protecting it from predators that come in contact with its skin.[5] This antimicrobial peptide rich skin is used for local medicine.[6]
| Bombina maxima | |
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Scientific classification 
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| Domain: | Eukaryota |
| Kingdom: | Animalia |
| Phylum: | Chordata |
| Class: | Amphibia |
| Order: | Anura |
| Family: | Bombinatoridae |
| Genus: | Bombina |
| Species: | B. maxima
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| Binomial name | |
| Bombina maxima (Boulenger, 1905)
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| Synonyms | |
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List
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References
edit- ^ Lu Shunqing, Yang Datong, Annemarie Ohler (2004). "Bombina maxima". IUCN Red List of Threatened Species. 2004: e.T161756A5496863. doi:10.2305/IUCN.UK.2004.RLTS.T161756A5496863.en. Retrieved 16 November 2021.
{{cite journal}}: CS1 maint: multiple names: authors list (link) - ^ Frost, Darrel R. (2019). "Bombina maxima (Boulenger, 1905)". Amphibian Species of the World 6.0, an Online Reference. American Museum of Natural History. Retrieved 24 September 2017.
- ^ Huang, Yan; Zhu, Hong Qing; Liao, Yong Mei; et al. (October 2013). "Age and body size of the toad Bombina maxima in a subtropical high-altitude population". The Herpetological Journal. 23 (4). British Herpetological Society: 229–232. S2CID 90146267.
- ^ Harkewicz, Kenneth A. (2004). "Maintenance of bombina species of frogs". Seminars in Avian and Exotic Pet Medicine. 13 (4): 229–233. doi:10.1053/j.saep.2004.04.009.
- ^ Lee, Wen‐Hui; Li, Yan; Lai, Ren; Li, Sha; Zhang, Yun; Wang, Wen (2005-03-22). "Variety of antimicrobial peptides in the Bombina maxima toad and evidence of their rapid diversification". European Journal of Immunology. 35 (4): 1220–1229. doi:10.1002/eji.200425615. ISSN 0014-2980.
- ^ Lai, R., Liu, H., Lee, W. H., Zhang, Y. (1 July 2002). "An anionic antimicrobial peptide from toad Bombina maxima". Biochemical and Biophysical Research Communications. 295 (4): 796–799. doi:10.1016/s0006-291x(02)00762-3.
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