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Hugh Lawson Shearer ON OJ PC (18 May 1923 – 15 July 2004) was a Jamaican trade unionist and politician, who served as the 3rd Prime Minister of Jamaica, from 1967 to 1972. He was also Deputy Prime Minister and Minister of Foreign Affairs and Foreign Trade from 1980 to 1989, under Edward Seaga.
Hugh Lawson Shearer | |
|---|---|
.jpg) Prime Minister Shearer in the Oval Office, 11 August 1970 | |
| 3rd Prime Minister of Jamaica | |
| In office 11 April 1967 – 2 March 1972 | |
| Monarch | Elizabeth II |
| Governor‑General | Sir Clifford Campbell |
| Preceded by | Sir Donald Sangster |
| Succeeded by | Michael Manley |
| Leader of the Jamaica Labour Party | |
| In office 1967 – November 1974 | |
| Preceded by | Donald Sangster |
| Succeeded by | Edward Seaga |
| Deputy Prime Minister of Jamaica | |
| In office November 1980 – February 1989 | |
| Prime Minister | Edward Seaga |
| Preceded by | P. J. Patterson |
| Succeeded by | P. J. Patterson |
| Ministry of Foreign Affairs and Foreign Trade | |
| In office 1980–1989 | |
| Prime Minister | Edward Seaga |
| Preceded by | P. J. Patterson |
| Succeeded by | David Coore |
| Personal details | |
| Born | 18 May 1923 Martha Brae, Trelawny, British Jamaica |
| Died | 15 July 2004 (aged 81) Kingston, Jamaica |
| Political party | Jamaica Labour Party |
| Spouses |
|
| Children | 5 |
| Education | Howard University School of Law |
Early life and education
editShearer was born in Martha Brae, Trelawney, Jamaica, which is located just south of the parish capital of Falmouth. His father was James Shearer, a former soldier, and Esther Lindo, a dressmaker.[1]
Shearer attended St Simon's College after winning a parish scholarship to the school and later received an honorary LLD from Howard University School of Law.[2]
Trade union career
editIn 1941, he took a job on the staff of a weekly trade union newspaper, the Jamaican Worker. His first political promotion came in 1943, when Sir Alexander Bustamante, founder of the Jamaican Labour Party (JLP), took over editorship of the paper and took Shearer under his wing. Shearer continued to get promotion after promotion within the union and acquired a Government Trade Union scholarship in 1947.
He was appointed Island Supervisor of Bustamante's trade union, BITU, and shortly afterwards elected vice-president of the union.
Political career
editShearer was elected to the House of Representatives of Jamaica as member for Western Kingston in 1955, an office he retained for the next four years until he was defeated in the 1959 elections.
Shearer was a member of the Senate from 1962 to 1967, at the same time filling the role of Jamaica's chief spokesman on foreign affairs as Deputy Chief of Mission at the United Nations. In 1967 he was elected as member for Southern Clarendon and, after the death of Sir Donald Sangster, appointed Prime Minister on 11 April 1967.
Thanks to his work with the Jamaican Worker earlier in his life, Shearer managed to stay on generally good terms with the Jamaican working class, and was generally well liked by the populace. However, he did cause an outcry of anger in October 1968 when his government banned the historian, Walter Rodney from re-entering the country. On 16 October a series of riots, known as the Rodney Riots broke out, after peaceful protest by students from the University of the West Indies campus at Mona, was suppressed by police; rioting spreading throughout Kingston. Shearer stood by the ban claiming that Rodney was a danger to Jamaica, citing his socialist ties, trips to Cuba and the USSR, as well as his radical Black nationalism.
Shearer was generally uncomfortable with notions of pan-Africanism or militant black nationalism. He was also insecure about the stability of newly independent Jamaica in the late 1960s.
His term as prime minister was a prosperous one for Jamaica, with three new alumina refineries were built, along with three large tourist resorts. These six buildings formed the basis of Jamaica's mining and tourism industries, the two biggest earners for the country.
Shearer's term was also marked by a great upswing in secondary school enrolment after an intense education campaign on his part. Fifty new schools were constructed.
It was by pressure from Shearer that the Law of the Sea Authority chose Kingston to house its headquarters.
In the 1972 Jamaican general election, the JLP was defeated by 37 seats to 16 seats, and the People's National Party leader, Michael Manley, became prime minister.[3]
In 1974, Shearer was replaced as leader of the JLP by Edward Seaga. Between 1980 and 1989, during the prime ministership of Seaga, Shearer was deputy prime minister and minister of foreign affairs.[4]
Personal life
editHugh Shearer, while working as a journalist, married his first wife Lunette, an accounting clerk, on 7 October 1947. They purchased a property at Chisholm Avenue where they lived, until Mr. Shearer left the matrimonial home.[5]
Shearer was separated from his first wife, with whom he had three children, by the time he became prime minister in 1967.[6]
Hugh Shearer married his second wife, Dr. Denise Eldemire, on 28 August 1998.[7] She is the daughter of the late Dr. Herbert Eldemire, who served as Jamaica's first Health Minister from 1962 to 1972.[8] The couple were married for nearly 6 years, until his death in July 2004
Death and legacy
editHe died at his home in Kingston on 15 July 2004, at the age of 81. He was survived by his wife, sons Corey Alexander, Howard, Lance and Donald, and daughters Hope, Hilary, Heather, Mischka Garel, and Ana Margaret Sanchez.[citation needed]
On 14 May 2009, the Bank of Jamaica announced a plan to issue a JA$5000 note with the likeness of Shearer on it, as was explained in detail on Monday 18 May 2009 by the Governor of Jamaica's Central Bank Derick Milton Latibeaudiere.[9][10][11]
The $5000 bill with Hugh Shearer's portrait was put in circulation on 24 September 2009.[citation needed] In Jamaican slang, a $5000 banknote is referred to as a Shearer. Since 2023, Donald Sangster has been featured on the $5000 bill alongside Shearer.
References
edit- ^ Neita, Hartley (2005). Hugh Shearer: A Voice for the People. Kingston, Jamaica: Ian Randle Publishers. p. 11.
- ^ "Hugh Shearer, 81; Led Jamaica in Early Years of Independence". Los Angeles Times. 11 July 2004. Retrieved 2 November 2015.
- ^ Dieter Nohlen (2005) Elections in the Americas: A data handbook, Volume I, p. 430.
- ^ "The Most Honourable Hugh Shearer". Jamaica Land We Love.
- ^ http://supremecourt.gov.jm/sites/default/files/judgments/Shearer%20,Lunette%20v%20Hugh%20Lawson%20Shearer.pdf [bare URL PDF]
- ^ Bell Thompson, Era (October 1967). "Black Leaders of the West Indies (page 77)". Ebony.
- ^ McLymont, Indi (22 July 2002). "Denise Eldemire-Shearer advocate for the elderly". Jamaica Observer. Archived from the original on 8 December 2015. Retrieved 9 August 2015.
- ^ "Former health minister Herbert Eldemire is dead". Jamaica Observer. 21 May 2010. Archived from the original on 8 December 2015. Retrieved 9 August 2015.
- ^ "Jamaica introduces $5,000 note, worth US$55", Antillean, 15 May 2009. Archived 24 September 2013 at the Wayback Machine
- ^ "Jamaica $5000 note". Trinituner.com. Retrieved 13 January 2018.
- ^ "Jamaica-New $5000 bill", SeWhaa!, 18 May 2009. Archived 2 February 2013 at archive.today
Sources
edit- Neita, Hartley, 2005. Hugh Shearer; A Voice for the People. Kingston, Jamaica: Ian Randle Publishers, The Institute of Jamaica.
- Senior, Olive, 2003. Encyclopaedia of Jamaican Heritage.
- Image "shearer", 27 August 2013: http://www.jis.gov.jm/special%5Fsections/Shearer/