Hulder

Hulder
	"Huldra's Nymphs" (1909) by Bernard Evans Ward
Grouping	Legendary creature
Sub grouping	Humanoid
Similar entities	Siren, succubus, mermaid
Country	Scandinavia
Region	Europe

A hulder (or huldra) is a seductive forest creature found in Scandinavian folklore. Her name derives from a root meaning "covered" or "secret".^[1] In Norwegian folklore, she is known as huldra ("the [archetypal] hulder", though folklore presupposes that there is an entire Hulder race and not just a single individual). She is known as the skogsrå "forest spirit" or Tallemaja "pine tree Mary" in Swedish folklore, and ulda in Sámi folklore. Her name suggests that she is originally the same being as the völva divine figure Huld and the German Holda.^[2]

The word hulder is only used of a female; a "male hulder" is called a huldrekall and also appears in Norwegian folklore. This being is closely related to other underground dwellers, usually called tusser (sg., tusse).

Though described as beautiful, the huldra is noted for having a distinctive inhuman feature—an animal's tail (usually a cow's or a fox's) and/or a back resembling a hollowed-out tree.

Folklore

The hulder is one of several rå (keeper, warden), including the aquatic sjörå or havsfru, later identified with a mermaid, and the bergsrå in caves and mines who made life tough for the poor miners.

More information can be found in the collected Norwegian folktales of Peter Christen Asbjørnsen and Jørgen Moe.

Relations with humans

A hulder is talking with a charcoal burner. She looks like a young farmer woman, but her tail is peeking out under her skirt. From Svenska folksägner (1882).

The hulders were held to be kind to charcoal burners, watching their charcoal kilns while they rested. Knowing that she would wake them if there were any problems, they were able to sleep, and in exchange they left provisions for her in a special place. A tale from Närke illustrates further how kind a hulder could be, especially if treated with respect (Hellström 1985:15).

Toponyms

A multitude of places in Scandinavia are named after the Hulders, often places by legend associated with the presence of the "hidden folk". Here are some examples showing the wide distribution of Hulder-related toponyms between the northern and southern reaches of Scandinavia, and the terms usage in different language groups' toponyms.

Danish

Huldremose (Hulder Bog) is a bog on Djursland, Denmark famous for the discovery of the Huldremose Woman, a bog body from 55BC.

Norwegian

Hulderheim is southeast on the island of Karlsøya in Troms county, Norway. The name means "Home of the Hulder".
Hulderhusan is an area on the southwest part of Norway's largest island, Hinnøya, whose name means "Houses of the Hulders".

Sámi

Ulddaidvárri is a place in Kvænangen Municipality in Troms county (Norway). The name means "Mountain of the Hulders" in North Sámi.
Ulddašvággi is a valley southwest of Alta in Finnmark county (Norway). The name means "Hulder Valley" in North Sámi. The peak guarding the pass over from the valley to the mountains above has a similar name, Ruollačohkka, meaning "Troll Mountain"—and the large mountain presiding over the valley on its northern side is called Háldi, which is a term similar to the above-mentioned Norwegian rå, that is a spirit or local deity which rules a specific area.

In Popular Culture

In the mobile game Year Walk, one of the Watchers is a Huldra.

They are mentioned in Seanan MacGuire's October Daye series in the book "A red-rose chain".

Neil Gaiman's novella The Monarch of the Glen, published in the collection Fragile Things, includes references to Hulder legends.

In the subsequent Year Walk: Bedtime Stories for Awful Children, the first chapter is devoted to the Huldra.^[3]

In chapter 40 (chapter XL: "A day in Hälsingland", section: "The Animals' New Year's Eve") of the novel "Nils Holgersson's Wonderful Journey through Sweden", a narrated legend mentions the Huldra.

In the video game "Bramble: The Mountain King," developed by Dimfrost Studios in 2023, the boss Skogsrå is a Huldra.

References

^ Hellström, AnneMarie. Jag vill så gärna berätta (in Norwegian). ISBN 9179080022.
^ "Nordisk familjebok". runeberg.org (in Swedish). 1 January 1909.
^ "Year Walk Bedtime Stories for Awful Children". Simogo. 2 September 2015. Retrieved 17 June 2022.

[1] Hellström, AnneMarie. Jag vill så gärna berätta (in Norwegian). ISBN 9179080022.

[2] "Nordisk familjebok". runeberg.org (in Swedish). 1 January 1909.

[3] "Year Walk Bedtime Stories for Awful Children". Simogo. 2 September 2015. Retrieved 17 June 2022.

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