Humfray Cole[1] (died 1591)[2] was an English maker of scientific instruments and engraver.
Life
editCole was, according to his own description, a native of the north of England. From his employment at the mint and the general character of his work he appears to have been a mechanician.[3] Edward Dyer acted as his patron, and he was commended as artisan by Gabriel Harvey.[4]
For the second edition of the Bishops' Bible, published in 1572, he engraved a map of Palestine, as Canaan, thought to be based on a 1557 map by Tilemann Stella or Stoltz.[5] On it he describes himself as "Humfray Cole, goldsmith, an Englishman born in ye north and pertayning to ye Mint in the Tower, 1572."[3]
Poorly paid at the mint, Cole took outside commissions; he undertook to supply any of the instruments shown in the 1571 Pantometria of Leonard Digges and Thomas Digges.[6] He supplied instruments to Martin Frobisher.[7] He was employed in engraving mathematical and astronomical instruments in brass, of which there are specimens in the British Museum. One of these is an astrolabe, at one time in the possession of Henry Frederick, Prince of Wales.[3] He also made an armillary sphere. James Gregory purchased examples of Cole's work in London in 1673, for the University of St Andrews.[7]
William Bourne also mentions Cole as an innovator in the design of a ship's log.[8]
Notes
edit- ^ Humfrae as he wrote; also Humfrey, Humphry, Humprey, or Humphrey.
- ^ "British Museum - Humfrey Cole". www.britishmuseum.org. Archived from the original on 6 August 2008.
- ^ a b c Stephen, Leslie, ed. (1887). . Dictionary of National Biography. Vol. 11. London: Smith, Elder & Co.
- ^ Christopher Hill, Intellectual Origins of the English Revolution (1980), p. 133 and p. 15.
- ^ Catherine Delano-Smith, Elizabeth Morley Ingram, Maps in Bibles, 1500-1600: an Illustrated Catalogue
- ^ http://www.sartonchair.ugent.be/index.php?id=59&type=file, p. 8 of PDF; list of Cole's instruments on later pages.
- ^ a b "Humphrey Cole and the Armilliary Sphere (1582)". www-ah.st-andrews.ac.uk. Archived from the original on 20 August 2002.
- ^ Stephen, Leslie, ed. (1886). . Dictionary of National Biography. Vol. 6. London: Smith, Elder & Co.
External links
edit- Objects by Cole at the British Museum
- Objects by Cole at the National Maritime Museum
- Page at the Museum of the History of Science
- Attribution
This article incorporates text from a publication now in the public domain: Stephen, Leslie, ed. (1887). "Cole, Humfray". Dictionary of National Biography. Vol. 11. London: Smith, Elder & Co.