Hungarians are a recognized ethnic minority in Croatia. According to the 2011 census there are 14,048 people of Hungarian ethnicity living in Croatia (or 0.33% of total population).[2] Around two thirds of them (8,249) live in Osijek-Baranja County in eastern Croatia, especially in the Croatian part of the Baranya region which borders Hungary to the north.[3] There are also small Hungarian communities in other parts of the country, including areas in Bjelovar-Bilogora County in central Croatia where 881 people identify themselves as Hungarian.[3]
 Hungarian Cultural and Educational Center in Osijek | |
| Total population | |
|---|---|
| 10,315[1] | |
| Regions with significant populations | |
| Languages | |
| Croatian, Hungarian | |
| Religion | |
| Catholicism and Calvinism | |
| Related ethnic groups | |
| Hungarians, Hungarians in Vojvodina, Szekelys of Bukovina |
History
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Hungary and Croatia have a long history dating back to the dynastic crises that followed the death of king Dmitar Zvonimir in 1089. His widow Helen II supported her brother Ladislaus I of Hungary in his claim for the kingdom of Croatia amidst the political turmoil. Two years later, Ladislaus managed to seize power and proclaim his sovereignty over the Croatian kingdom,[4] however, he and his armies were still unable to gain full control by the time of his death in 1095. It was his nephew Coloman I who finally defeated the last native Croatian king Peter II of Croatia at the Battle of Gvozd Mountain, and was then crowned as King of Croatia in capital city of Biograd on the Adriatic Sea in 1102.[5]
After the Hungarian victory, Croatia and Hungary entered into a personal union in which certain terms were agreed on. The most significant were that two would remain under Hungarian rule while some separate Croatian institutions were maintained such as the Sabor (Croatian parliament), the ban (viceroy), and retention of Croatian lands and titles.[6] The union lasted until 1918; in that time, many Hungarian military personnel settled in Croatia during the Ottoman invasion, and the borderlands of Hungary and Croatia proper blurred with the ethnic mix.
Population
edit_in_Hungary,_census_1890.jpg)
According to the 2022 Census, Municipalities with significant Hungarian minority (10 percent or more) include:[1]
- Kneževi Vinogradi (1,299 or 38.70%)
- Bilje (1,238 or 25.94%)
- Draž (432 or 22.17%)
- Tordinci (309 or 18.65%)
- Ernestinovo (304 or 15.61%)
- Petlovac (244 or 13.02%)
The largest town with a significant Hungarian population is Beli Manastir, with 637 Hungarians (7.99%).
In addition, 10,231 people identified Hungarian language as their mother tongue.[7]
As of 2009[update], Hungarian is officially used in two municipalities and four other settlements in Croatia, according to the European Charter for Regional or Minority Languages.[8]
Language
editMunicipalities with Hungarian language in official use
edit| Municipality[9] | Name in minority language | Language | Affected settlements | Introduced based on | Population (2021) | Percentage of Hungarians (2021) |
County |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Kneževi Vinogradi | Hercegszöllős | Hungarian | Kneževi Vinogradi, Karanac, Zmajevac, Suza, Kamenac, Kotlina[10] | Constitutional Act | 3,357 | 38.70% | Osijek-Baranja |
| Bilje | Bellye | Hungarian | All settlements | Municipality Statute | 4,772 | 25.94% | Osijek-Baranja |
| Ernestinovo | Ernestinovo | Hungarian | Laslovo | Municipality Statute | 1,948 | 15.61% | Osijek-Baranja |
| Petlovac | Baranyaszentistván | Hungarian | Novi Bezdan | Municipality Statute | 1,874 | 13.02% | Osijek-Baranja |
| Tompojevci | Tompojevce | Hungarian | Čakovci | Municipality Statute | 1,116 | 9.0% | Vukovar-Syrmia |
| Tordinci | Valkótard | Hungarian | Korođ | Municipality Statute | 1,657 | 18.65% | Vukovar-Syrmia |
Politics
editThe two main Hungarian associations in Croatia are the Democratic Union of Hungarians of Croatia (Hungarian: Horvátországi Magyarok Demokratikus Közössége or HMDK) and the Union of Hungarian Associations (Hungarian: Magyar Egyesületek Szövetsége or MESZ).
Hungarians are officially recognized as an autochthonous national minority, and as such, they elect a special representative to the Croatian Parliament.[11]
Every elected special representative since 1992 Parliamentary elections.[12]
| No. | Representative | Party | Elections won | Term |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | Ferenc Farago | Ind. | 1992 | 1992 − 1995 |
| 2 | Sandor Jakab | Ind. | 1995 | 1995 − 2000 |
| 3 | Tibor Santo | DZMH | 2000 | 2000 − 2003 |
| 4 | Jene Adam | DZMH | 2003 | 2003 − 2007 |
| 5 | Deneš Šoja | SMU | 2007 2011 |
2007 − 2015 |
| 6 | Šandor Juhas | SMU | 2015 | 2015 − 2016 |
| 7 | Róbert Jankovics | DZMH | 2016 2020 |
2016 − |
Culture
edit
Since 1999, the Hungarian Cultural Society Népkör have organized the "Hungarian Days" festival in Osijek. In 2000 various Hungarian cultural groups have organised Hungarian music and singing festivals.
The Educational and Cultural Center of Hungarians in Croatia is located in Osijek. In Beli Manastir, the town's public library hosts the Central Library of Hungarians in Croatia.
See also
edit
References
edit- ^ a b "Population by Ethnicity/Citizenship/Mother tongue/Religion by Towns/Municipalities" (xlsx). Census of Population, Households and Dwellings in 2021. Zagreb: Croatian Bureau of Statistics. 2022. Retrieved 22 September 2022.
- ^ "Population by Ethnicity, by Towns/Municipalities, 2011 Census". Census of Population, Households and Dwellings 2011. Zagreb: Croatian Bureau of Statistics. December 2012.
- ^ a b "Population by ethnicity, by towns and municipalities". Census 2011. Croatian Bureau of Statistics. Retrieved 6 December 2013.
- ^ Ladislas I. (2009). In Encyclopædia Britannica. Retrieved June 21, 2009, from Encyclopædia Britannica Online: http://www.britannica.com/EBchecked/topic/327524/Ladislas-I
- ^ "Coloman | king of Hungary".
- ^ "Croatia (History)". Britannica.
- ^ "Population by mother tongue, by towns and municipalities". Croatian Bureau of Statistics. Retrieved 6 December 2013.
- ^ "Europska povelja o regionalnim ili manjinskim jezicima" (in Croatian). Ministry of Justice (Croatia). 2011-04-12. Archived from the original on December 27, 2013. Retrieved 2012-02-08.
- ^ Government of Croatia (October 2013). "Peto izvješće Republike Hrvatske o primjeni Europske povelje o regionalnim ili manjinskim jezicima" (PDF) (in Croatian). Council of Europe. pp. 34–36. Retrieved April 14, 2019.
- ^ "Statut Općine Kneževi Vinogradi , article 15" (PDF). Retrieved 7 August 2015.
- ^ "Pravo pripadnika nacionalnih manjina u Republici Hrvatskoj na zastupljenost u Hrvatskom saboru". Zakon o izborima zastupnika u Hrvatski sabor (in Croatian). Croatian Parliament. Archived from the original on 2018-10-31. Retrieved 2011-12-29.
- ^ "Arhiva izbora" [Election archive]. Arhiva izbora Republike Hrvatske (in Croatian). Državno izborno povjerenstvo Republike Hrvatske. Retrieved 9 August 2021.
External links
edit- "Statut Vijeća mađarske nacionalne manjine Osječko-baranjske županije" (PDF). (132 KB)
- Hungarian Cultural Association Baross
- HRT Znanstveno-stručni skup Mađari u Hrvatskoj jučer i danas
- "Mađari". uljppnm.vlada.hr (in Croatian). Office for Human Rights and Rights of the National Minorities of the Government of the Republic of Croatia. Archived from the original on 24 December 2013. Retrieved 21 January 2013.
