Madhi-Madhi, also known as Muthimuthi or Madi Madi,[3] is an Indigenous Australian language spoken by the Muthi Muthi Aboriginal people of New South Wales.[4] It is also known as Madhi Madhi, Madi Madi, Bakiin, Mataua, Matimati, Matthee matthee, Moorta Moorta, Mudhi Mudhi, Muthimuthi, Muti muti, Muttee Muttee, Madimadi, Mutte Mutte, or Madi madi.[5]
| Madhi-Madhi | |
|---|---|
| Native to | Australia |
| Region | New South Wales |
| Ethnicity | Madhi Madhi |
| Extinct | (date missing) |
| Revival | [1] |
Pama–Nyungan
| |
| Language codes | |
| ISO 639-3 | dmd |
| Glottolog | madh1244 |
| AIATSIS[2] | D8 |
| ELP | Mathi-Mathi |
Luise Hercus[6] published in 1989 a substantial amount of Madhi Madhi language data recorded from Jack Long, whom she described as "the last Madimadi man".
Phonology
editConsonants
edit| Labial | Velar | Dental | Palatal | Alveolar | Retroflex | |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Plosive | p | k | t̪ | (c) | t | ʈ |
| Nasal | m | ŋ | n̪ | (ɲ) | n | ɳ |
| Rhotic | ɾ | |||||
| Lateral | l̪ | l | ɭ | |||
| Approximant | w | j | ||||
/t̪, n̪/ are heard as palatal sounds [c, ɲ] when before front vowels.
Voicing among stop sounds /p, k, t̪~c, t, ʈ/ as [b, ɡ, d̪~ɟ, d, ɖ] may also be heard in syllable-initial positions or when following nasal sounds.
/t̪/ can be lenited as [θ] when in intervocalic positions, and as [ð] in post-nasal, word-medial position.
Vowels
edit| Front | Central | Back | |
|---|---|---|---|
| High | i | u | |
| Mid | e | ||
| Low | a |
Vowels are heard as [ɪ, ɛ~ə, ɐ, ʊ] when in lax positions.
References
edit- ^ Bowern, Claire (2011). How many languages were spoken in Australia?.
- ^ D8 Madhi-Madhi at the Australian Indigenous Languages Database, Australian Institute of Aboriginal and Torres Strait Islander Studies
- ^ *ISO 639-3 Registration Authority (2011). Change Request Number 2011-102: adopted create [dmd] (2012-02-03). Dallas: SIL International.
{{cite book}}: CS1 maint: numeric names: authors list (link) - ^ Rees D. Barrett, Significant People in Australia's History, Issue 1 (Macmillan Education AU, 2009 ) p13.
- ^ "D8: Mutti Mutti / Muthi Muthi". AUSTLANG. AIATSIS. Retrieved 16 May 2019.
- ^ Hercus, L. A. "Three linguistic studies from far south western NSW", Aboriginal History, 1989; v. 13 no. 1-2., p. 44-62. Archived 23 March 2021 at the Wayback Machine.
- Blake, Barry J.; Hercus, Louise; Morey, Stephen; Ryan, Edward (2011). The Mathi group of languages (PDF). Canberra: Australian National University. ISBN 978-0-85883-635-8. Archived (PDF) from the original on 9 July 2020.
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