The Kol language is a language spoken in eastern New Britain island, Papua New Guinea. There are about 4000 speakers in Pomio District of East New Britain Province, mostly on the southern side of New Britain island.[2]
| Kol | |
|---|---|
| Native to | Papua New Guinea |
| Region | East New Britain Province |
Native speakers | (4,000 cited 1991)[1] |
| Language codes | |
| ISO 639-3 | kol |
| Glottolog | kolp1236 |
| ELP | Kol |
Kol appears to be a language isolate, though it may be distantly related to the poorly attested Sulka language or form part of the proposed East Papuan languages.[3]
Phonology
editConsonants
edit| Labial | Alveolar | Palatal | Velar | |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Plosive | p b | t | k g | |
| Nasal | m | n | ŋ | |
| Rhotic | r | |||
| Lateral | l | |||
| Fricative | s | |||
| Approximant | w | j |
/b, r/ can be realized as [β, d] as intervocalic allophones. /r/ is pronounced as [d] when following a nasal consonant.
Vowels
editKol displays vowel length contrast.
| Front | Back | ||
|---|---|---|---|
| High | i iː | u uː | |
| Mid | e eː | o oː | |
| Low | æː | ɑ ɑː | ɒ ɒː |
Vocabulary
editThe following basic vocabulary words are from SIL field notes (1962, 1981), as cited in the Trans-New Guinea database:[5]
gloss Kol head ˈkel.a; kela keřne hair ˈkomɒ; komɔʔ kalɛane ear ˈbula; bula kɛřlɛ eye pelnɛl; ˈpenel nose taˈli:; tali keřne tooth ˈmire; mi̠řɛ kɛřnɛ tongue dal kɛřnɛ; raal leg pe:re louse ˈtare; ta̠řɛ dog kuˈɒ:; kwa pig bu bird ˈule; ulɛ egg ˈkondola; kondo̠la blood ˈbe:la bone ˈti:le skin tomalu gomo; toˈmolu breast ˈtombo; to̠to la̠nɛ tree ˈti:nel; ti̠nɛl man mo; tɒ: ˈti:niŋ woman daiƀɛ; ra:l sun ˈkarege; kařɛ̠qɛ moon ˈigu; i̠qu water ˈgonu; qu̠nu fire kuˈoŋ; kuɔŋ stone ˈlela; lɛla road, path kɛrɛa; ˈkeria name ˈole eat mo raŋ kal oŋ; tam·a one ˈpusuɒ; titus two tɛřɛŋ; teˈtepe
See also
editReferences
edit- ^ Kol at Ethnologue (18th ed., 2015) (subscription required)
- ^ Eberhard, David M.; Simons, Gary F.; Fennig, Charles D., eds. (2019). "Papua New Guinea languages". Ethnologue: Languages of the World (22nd ed.). Dallas: SIL International.
- ^ Dunn, Michael; Reesnik, Ger; Terrill, Angela (2002). "The East Papuan Languages: A Preliminary Typological Appraisal" (PDF). Oceanic Linguistics. 41 (1): 28–62. doi:10.1353/ol.2002.0019. hdl:11858/00-001M-0000-0013-1ADC-1. S2CID 143012930. Retrieved 6 February 2021.
- ^ a b Lindrud, Stellan (October 1992). Kol Language [KOL] East New Britain Province (PDF). Organised Phonology Data: SIL.
- ^ Greenhill, Simon (2016). "TransNewGuinea.org - database of the languages of New Guinea". Retrieved 2020-11-05.