The Lihir language (Lir) is an Austronesian language spoken in the Lihir island group, in New Ireland Province, Papua New Guinea. It is notable for having five levels of grammatical number: singular, dual, trial, paucal and plural.[2] It is questionable whether the trial is indeed trial or whether it is paucal, leaving there being a paucal and a greater paucal.[2] Either way, this is the highest number of levels of grammatical number in any language.[2] This distinction appears in both independent pronouns and possessor suffixes.[2] There is some variation in pronunciation and orthography between the main island Niolam, and some of the smaller islands in the group.
| Lihir | |
|---|---|
| Lir | |
| Region | Lihir Island, off New Ireland |
Native speakers | 13,000 (2000 census)[1] |
Austronesian
| |
| Language codes | |
| ISO 639-3 | lih |
| Glottolog | lihi1237 |
Name
editThe name Lihir is an exonym from the related Patpatar language. Natively, it is called Lir, a cognate of the Patpatar name.
Phonology
editSources are indeterminate with regards to the phonemic status of different surface vowels, although minimal pairs provide evidence for the phonemic status of most vowel qualities.[3]
| Front | Central | Back | |
|---|---|---|---|
| Close | i | u | |
| Close-mid | e | o | |
| Open-mid | ɛ | ɔ | |
| Open | a |
| Labial | Alveolar | Velar | Glottal | ||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Nasals | m | n | ŋ | ||
| Stops | plain | p | t | k | ʔ |
| prenasalized | ᵐb | ⁿd | ᵑɡ | ||
| Affricates | t͡s | ||||
| Fricatives | s z | x | h | ||
| Liquids | l ɾ | ||||
| Semivowels | w | j | |||
References
edit- ^ Lihir at Ethnologue (18th ed., 2015) (subscription required)
- ^ a b c d Corbett, Greville G. (2000). Number. Cambridge textbooks in linguistics. Cambridge University Press. p. 25. ISBN 9780521649704. Retrieved 2010-05-26.
- ^ Neuhaus, Karl (2015). Grammar of the Lihir Language of New Ireland, Papua New Guinea. Boroko, Port Moresby: Institute of Papua New Guinea Studies. p. 30.
- ^ Park, Min-ha and Shin-Hee (2003). Lihir organised phonology data. SIL.
External links
edit
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