Ndali, or Chindali, is a Bantu language spoken by an increasing population in southern Tanzania of 150,000 (1987) and in northern Malawi by 70,000 (2003).
| Ndali | |
|---|---|
| Chindali | |
| Native to | Tanzania, Malawi |
| Ethnicity | Ndali |
Native speakers | (220,000 cited 1987–2003)[1] |
| Language codes | |
| ISO 639-3 | ndh |
| Glottolog | ndal1241 |
M.301[2] | |
Sukwa, or Chisukwa, spoken in the Misuku Hills of northern Malawi, is closely related to Ndali, and both languages are fairly close to Lambya.[3]
The examples below come in the order Lambya, Ndali, Sukwa, showing the similarity of vocabulary:[4]
- Person = umunthu, umundu, umundu
- Grasshopper = imphanzi, imbashi, imbasi
- Scorpion = kalizga, kalisha, kalisya
- Maize = ivilombe, ifilombe, ifilombe
- Dog = imbwa, ukabwa, ukabwa
- Bird = chiyuni, kayuni, kayuni
- Snail = inkhozo, ingofu, ingofo
Further reading
edit- Botne, R. (2008). Grammatical Sketch of Chindali: Malawian Variety. Darby: Diane.
- Botne, R. and Schaffer, L. (2008). A Chindali and English Dictionary with an Index to ProtoBantu Roots: The Chindali Language of Malawi. Vol 1. Philadelphia: American Philosophical Society.
- Kershner, Tiffany (2001). "Imperfectivity in Chisukwa" in Explorations in African Linguistics: From Lamso to Sesotho, eds. Robert Botne and Rose Vondrasek, Bloomington: Indiana University Working Papers in Linguistics, pp. 37–52.
- Mtenje, Atikonda (2016). A comparative analysis of the Phonology and Morpho-syntax of Cisukwa, Cindali and Cilambya. (University of Cape Town PhD thesis)
- Swilla, Imani N. (1998). Tenses in Chindali. Afrikanistische Arbeitspapiere (AAP) 54. 95–125.
References
edit- ^ Ndali at Ethnologue (18th ed., 2015) (subscription required)
- ^ Jouni Filip Maho, 2009. New Updated Guthrie List Online
- ^ The University of Malawi Language Mapping Survey for Northern Malawi (2006), p. 16.
- ^ The University of Malawi Language Mapping Survey for Northern Malawi (2006), pp. 70–71.
External links
edit- Language Mapping Survey for Northern Malawi. University of Malawi Centre for Language Studies, 2006. Contains comparative vocabulary and a short text (the Tortoise and the Hare) in Chindali and other languages.
- Language Map of Northern Malawi
- Paper by Martin Walsh and Imani Swilla on South-West Tanzanian languages (2002)
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