Yurats (Yurak) was a Samoyedic language spoken in the Siberian tundra west of the Yenisei River. It became extinct in the early 19th century, due to the expansion of the Nenets people.[1] Yurats was probably either a transitional variety connecting the Nenets and Enets languages of the Samoyedic family, or an archaic dialect of Enets.[2] While it is marginally closer to Enets rather than Nenets, it does not show a majority of either Enets or Nenets features.[3] Some eastern dialects of Tundra Nenets may have a Yurats substrate, as the Yurats were likely absorbed by the Tundra Nenets.[4] The uncertainty regarding the language's status is due to the scarcity of information about the language.[5] Nevertheless, Glottolog considers it to be a dialect of Tundra Nenets, as is the traditional assumption.[6]
| Yurats | |
|---|---|
| Yurak | |
| Native to | Russia |
| Region | west of the Yenisey, Gyda Peninsula |
| Ethnicity | Yurats |
| Extinct | early 19th century[1] |
| Language codes | |
| ISO 639-3 | rts |
| Glottolog | yura1256 Yurats |
 Yurats is classified as Extinct by the UNESCO Atlas of the World's Languages in Danger of Disappearing (2001) | |
References
edit- ^ a b Moseley, Christopher, ed. (2007). "Europe and North Asia". Encyclopedia of the world's endangered languages. London: Routledge. ISBN 978-0-415-56331-4. OCLC 47983733.
- ^ Janhunen, Juha (1977). Samojedischer Wortschatz. Castreanumin toimitteita. Vol. 17. Helsinki. p. 8. ISBN 951-45-1161-1. ISSN 0355-0141.
{{cite book}}: CS1 maint: location missing publisher (link) - ^ Salminen, Tapani (2023). "Demography, endangerment, and revitalization". In Abondolo, Daniel Mario; Valijärvi, Riitta-Liisa (eds.). The Uralic languages. Routledge Language Family (2nd ed.). London New York: Routledge. p. 103. ISBN 978-1-138-65084-8.
- ^ "Endangered languages in Northeast Asia: report". University of Helsinki. 2019-02-11. Archived from the original on February 11, 2019. Retrieved 2024-06-23.
- ^ Siegl, Florian (2013). Materials on Forest Enets, an Indigenous Language of Northern Siberia (PDF). Helsinki: Société Finno-Ougrienne. p. 35. ISBN 978-952-5667-46-2 – via Suomalais-Ugrilainen Seura.
- ^ "Glottolog 5.0 - Yurats". glottolog.org. Retrieved 2024-06-20.
External links
edit- UNESCO red book entry (144K)
- Dictionary of the Samoyedic languages (includes Yurats) (in German)
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