Ziriya (Jiriya) and Sheni (Shaini) constitute a Kainji language of Nigeria. They are geographically but perhaps not linguistically distinct.
| Ziriya | |
|---|---|
| Sheni | |
| Native to | Nigeria |
| Region | Bauchi State (Ziriya), Kaduna State (Sheni) |
| Ethnicity | 3,500 (2004?)[1] |
Native speakers | 6 Sheni, no known Ziriya (2004)[1] |
| Language codes | |
| ISO 639-3 | scv |
| Glottolog | shen1251 |
| ELP | Ziriya |
| Seni[2] | |
|---|---|
| Person | onoSeni |
| People | anaSeni |
| Language | tiSeni |
Attestation
editThe earliest reference to the Sheni language is in Temple (1922), who links the Sheni with the Srubu and mentions their presence in Dan Galadima District of the Zaria Emirate.[3] As of 2004, there are six remaining fluent speakers of Sheni and perhaps 10–15 semi-fluent speakers. Sheni informants state that their language is the same as Ziriya.
The Ziriya language is first mentioned by Shimizu (1982), who gives a brief wordlist.[4] The word given by Shimizu's informants differ from one another, perhaps due to faulty recall. Shimizu's informant Sarkin Abubakar Yakubu is probably the remaining speaker of the Ziriya language. He had only spoken it as a child, some sixty years prior. He could recall several greetings and some numbers, all of which corresponded to Sheni, supporting the assertion that Sheni and Ziriya were the same language.
Language status
editThe Sheni people have shifted to Hausa. They now call themselves the Shenawa and refer to their language as Shenanci. The loss of their language is taken as a fait accompli and there is no interest in reviving it. Its continued existence is merely a curiosity to most of the Sheno, according to Blench.[5]
Blench (2012) reports that there are only six speakers of Sheni.[6]
Morphology
editSheni has a distinctive plural morphology that suggests influence from an unknown but typologically quite different language. The first element of the stem is reduplicated according to a variety of patterns. Some examples:[5]
| Gloss | sg. | pl. |
|---|---|---|
| seed | ùgbέrù | ùgbέgbέrù |
| forest | ùshìrím | ùshìríshím |
| neck | iyâw | iyâwyâw |
| ear | ùtùway | tutuwáy |
References
edit- ^ a b Ziriya at Ethnologue (16th ed., 2009)
- ^ Blench, Roger (2019). An Atlas of Nigerian Languages (4th ed.). Cambridge: Kay Williamson Educational Foundation.
- ^ Temple, Olive (1922), Notes on the Tribes, Provinces, Emirates and States of the Northern Provinces of Nigeria, Cape Town: Argus Printing and Publishing Co.
- ^ Shimizu, Kiyoshi 1982: Ten more wordlists with analyses from the northern Jos group of Plateau languages Afrika und Übersee.
- ^ a b Blench, Roger 2004: Notes on the Seni people and language with an addendum on the Ziriya Newsletter of Foundation for Endangered Languages 2.12
- ^ Blench, Roger (2012). "The Kainji languages of northwestern and central Nigeria" (PDF). Cambridge: Kay Williamson Educational Foundation.
