Shabaki is an Indo-Iranian language and belongs to the subgroup Zaza-Gorani[2][3][4][5] of the Northwestern Iranian languages. The Shabaki language is spoken by the Shabak people[6][7] in the Mosul region of northern Iraq. It has similarities with the Northwestern Iranian language Gorani (or Hawrami), which is often referred as a "Kurdish dialect", although the Kurdish languages form an independent group within the Northwestern Iranian languages. Shabaki is a distinct language.[8][9][10] It also has elements of Arabic, Turkish and Persian language.[5][11] The number of speakers of Shabaki was estimated in 1989 to be between 10,000 and 20,000.[12] Currently, the number of native speakers of Shabaki is estimated at 250,000.[13] As Shabaki is one of the Zaza–Gorani languages, it is most similar to other languages in the Northwestern Iranian branch like Gorani (Hewrami), Bajelani, Sarli and Zazaki.
| Shabaki | |
|---|---|
| شەبەکی | |
| Native to | Iraq |
| Region | Mosul |
| Ethnicity | Shabaks |
Native speakers | 250,000 (2018)[1] |
| Language codes | |
| ISO 639-3 | sdb |
| Glottolog | shab1251 |
Shabaki is a language in its own right and not a spoken dialect of any other language, with its own vocabulary and pronunciations, despite the fact that words from many other languages have entered into it as a result of the geographical nearness to other ethnic tribes.[14]
Status
editThe Shabak people fear the demise of the Shabaki language especially after the occupation of the ISIS terrorist groups to their home in Nineveh Plain, which led to the displacement of the majority of their population and the other groups residing in that area.[15]
Comparison
editPronouns
edit| Shabaki | Zazaki | Southern Kurdish | Sorani | Kurmanji | Hewrami | Persian | English |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| emin-em | ez, min | mi/min | min | ez, min | emin, min | mən | I, me, mine, my |
| etu | ti, to | tu/tû | to | tu, te | eto, to | to, tu | thou, thee, thine |
| ew, îna | a, o | ew/ewe | ew | ew, wî, wê | ew | û | s/he, his, hers, him, her |
| hima-alama-gişt | ma | îme | ême | em, me | ma | ma | we, our |
| işma | şima | îwe | êwe | hûn, we | şima | şuma | you, your |
| işan | înu, înan | ewan/ewane | ewan | ewan, wan | ade | anha | they, them, their |
Vocabulary
edit| Shabaki | Zazaki | Southern Kurdish | Sorani Kurdish | Kurmanji Kurdish | Hewrami | Persian | English |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| çam | çim | çem/çew | çaw | çav | cem | çəşm/çişm | eye |
| ziwan | ziwan | ziwan | ziman | ziman | ziwan | zəban | tongue, language |
Literature
edit- Dr. Sultan, Abbas Hassan Jassim (University of Kufa, Iraq)
- Shabaki - English Dictionary or here as PDF (2016)
- An Account of Light verb constructions in Shabaki (Vol. 5 2011, 2)
- An Account of Clitics in Shabaki with Reference to Wackernagel's Law (2014)
- Serial verb constructions in Shabaki
- Reciprocal Pronouns in Shabaki (Vol. 4 2010, 1)
- Causatives in Shabaki (Vol. 4 2010, 2)
- An Account of Epistemic Modality in Shabaki
- The truth conditional content of evidentials in Shabaki
- Evidentials in Shabaki
- Shabaki alphabets or here as Slideshow
- E. K. Brown, R. E. Asher, J. M. Y. Simpson (Elsevier, 2006)
References
edit- ^ Shabaki at Ethnologue (27th ed., 2024)
- ^ a b "Zaza-Gorani". Ethnologue. Retrieved 2018-10-22.
- ^ a b Hulst, Harry van der; Goedemans, Rob; Zanten, Ellen van (2010). A Survey of Word Accentual Patterns in the Languages of the World. Walter de Gruyter. ISBN 9783110196313.
- ^ Hindo, Walid A. (2016-09-08). From Baghdad on the Tigris to Baghdad on the Subway. Archway Publishing. ISBN 9781480834033.
- ^ a b Gunter, Michael M. (2018-02-20). Historical Dictionary of the Kurds. Rowman & Littlefield. ISBN 9781538110508.
- ^ Abd al-Jabbar, Falih. Ayatollahs, sufis and ideologues: state, religion, and social movements in Iraq. University of Virginia 2008.
- ^ Sykes, Mark. The Caliphs' last heritage: a short history of the Turkish Empire
- ^ Löwer, Hans-Joachim (2015-02-16). Die Stunde der Kurden: Wie sie den Nahen Osten verändern (in German). Styriabooks. ISBN 9783990403549.
- ^ Hann, Geoff; Dabrowska, Karen; Townsend-Greaves, Tina (2015-08-07). Iraq: The ancient sites and Iraqi Kurdistan. Bradt Travel Guides. ISBN 9781841624884.
- ^ al-Lami, Mina (2014-07-21). "Iraq: The minorities of Nineveh". BBC News. Retrieved 2018-10-25.
- ^ "Shabak - Minority Rights Group". Minority Rights Group. Retrieved 2018-10-22.
- ^ Ethnologue about Shabaki
- ^ "Shabak - Minority Rights Group". Minority Rights Group. Retrieved 2018-10-27.
- ^ Glenewinkel, Klaas. "The Shabak - A Brief Overview". Niqash. Retrieved 2018-10-26.
- ^ "International Mother Language Day in Karbala, Iraq - Telegram7". Telegram7. 2015-03-03. Retrieved 2018-10-26.
