Ushoji or Ushojo (اُݜوجو, Uṣōǰō; pronounced [ʊˈʂoːd͡ʒoː]) is an Indo-Aryan language spoken in Kohistan and Swat districts of the Khyber-Pakhtunkhwa province of Pakistan.
| Ushoji | |
|---|---|
| اُݜوجو | |
 | |
| Pronunciation | [ʊˈʂoːd͡ʒoː] |
| Native to | Pakistan |
| Region | Swat, Kohistan |
Native speakers | (2,000 cited 1992)[1] |
| Language codes | |
| ISO 639-3 | ush |
| Glottolog | usho1238 |
| ELP | Ushojo |
Status
editUshoji may be severely endangered due to the dominance of the Pashto language in the region, especially in Swat.[3]
Numerals
edit| English gloss | Ushoji[4] | |
|---|---|---|
| 1 | one | ɪk (اِیۡک) |
| 2 | two | du (دُو) |
| 3 | three | t͡ʃe (ۡچِے) |
| 4 | four | t͡ʃar (چَر) |
| 5 | five | pʰʊʃ (پھُش) |
| 6 | six | ʃɑ (شَا) |
| 7 | seven | sɑʈ (سَاٹ) |
| 8 | eight | ɑʈ (آٹ) |
| 9 | nine | nəo (نِیُو) |
| 10 | ten | de (ۡدِے) |
| 20 | twenty | bɪey (ۡبِئے) |
| 100 | hundred | sao (سَئو) |
| 1000 | thousand | zʌr (زَرۡ) |
Orthography
editUshojo is written in a variety of the Torwali and Shina alphabets in the Perso-Arabic script in the Nastaliq style.[5]
| Letter | Romanization | IPA |
|---|---|---|
| آ | ā | /aː/ |
| أ | a | /a/ |
| ا | ʿ | /ʔ/ |
| ب | b | /b/ |
| پ | p | /p/ |
| ت | t | /t/ |
| ٹ | ṭ | /ʈ/ |
| ث | (s) | /s/ |
| ج | ǰ | /d͡ʒ/ |
| چ | č | /t͡ʃ/ |
| ڇ | ċ | /ʈ͡ʂ/ |
| څ | c | /t͡s/ |
| ح | (h) | /h/ |
| خ | ǩ | /x/ |
| د | d | /d/ |
| ڈ | ḍ | /ɖ/ |
| ذ | (z) | /z/ |
| ر | r | /r/ |
| ڑ | ṛ | /ɽ/ |
| ز | z | /z/ |
| ڙ | ż | /ʐ/ |
| ژ | ž | /ʒ/ |
| س | s | /s/ |
| ش | š | /ʃ/ |
| ݜ | ṣ | /ʂ/ |
| ص | (s) | /s/ |
| ض | (d) | /d/ |
| ط | (t) | /t/ |
| ظ | (z) | /z/ |
| ع | ʿ | /ʔ/ |
| غ | ǧ | /ɣ/ |
| ف | f | /f/ |
| ق | (k) | /k/ |
| ک | k | /k/ |
| گ | g | /ɡ/ |
| ل | l | /l/ |
| م | m | /m/ |
| ن | n | /n/ |
| و | w | /ʊ~w/ |
| ہ | h, x | /h/ɦ/ |
| ھ | _h | /ʰ/ʱ/ |
| ء | ʿ | /ʔ/ |
| ی | y | /j/ |
| ے | e | /e/ |
References
edit- ^ Ushoji at Ethnologue (18th ed., 2015) (subscription required)
- ^ Hammarström, Harald; Forkel, Robert; Haspelmath, Martin; Bank, Sebastian (2023-07-10). "Glottolog 4.8 - Kohistanic Shina". Glottolog. Leipzig: Max Planck Institute for Evolutionary Anthropology. doi:10.5281/zenodo.7398962. Archived from the original on 2023-11-06. Retrieved 2023-11-05.
- ^ "Did you know Ushojo is threatened?".
- ^ "Language name and location: Ushojo, Pakistan". Archived from the original on 2016-03-10. Retrieved 2024-01-19.
- ^ "اُڜوجو (Ushojo)" (PDF) (in Arabic). Retrieved 2024-01-19.
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