Wanggamala, also spelt Wanggamanha, Wangkamahdla, Wangkamadla, Wangkamanha, Wangkamana, Wonkamala, Wongkamala, Wonkamudla, and other variants, is an extinct Australian Aboriginal language of the Pama–Nyungan family, previously spoken in the Northern Territory around Hay River (east of Alice Springs) and to the south of the Andegerebinha-speaking area.[2]
| Wanggamala | |
|---|---|
| Wangka-Yutjurru | |
| Wangga-Manha | |
| Native to | Australia |
| Region | Northern Territory, Central West Queensland |
| Ethnicity | Wongkamala, Julaolinja, Lanima, Rungarungawa, Wongkadjera |
Native speakers | 1 (2003) |
| Dialects |
|
| Language codes | |
| ISO 639-3 | Variously:wnm – Wanggamanhawky – Wangkayutyurulnw – Lanima |
| Glottolog | wang1289 Wanggamala |
| AIATSIS[1] | C9 |
| ELP | Wanggamala |
As of 2003, there was one speaker remaining.[3]
According to Gavan Breen (2007), Lanima (AIATSIS code G52) and Yurlayurlanya (formerly spelt Ulaolinya) are groups whose dialect is Wangkamanha G1, or possibly two names for the same group. Other linguists have offered different interpretations of the dialects.[4]
Wangka-Yutjurru[5] (AIATSIS G5) is a separate language (also Karnic, according to Luise Hercus), according to Gavan Breen, which has two dialects, Wangka-Yutjurru and Wangkamanha. Other linguists suggest further dialects.[6]
Alternative names
edit- Tharlimanha (Breen 2007)[2]
- Wanggamala (AIATSIS and Ethnologue)[2]
- Wanggamanha[2]
- Wangkamadla[7][8]
- Wangkamahdla[9]
- Wangkamala[2]
- Wangkamana (Horton, after Tindale;[10] Blake & Breen 1971)[2]
- Wangkamanha[2]
- Wonggaman (AIAS)[2]
- Wonggawan[2]
- Wongkamala (Tindale)[2]
- Wonkamala (Tindale 1974)[11]
- Wonkamudla(Tindale 1974;[11] O'Grady et al 1996; Mathews)[2]
References
edit- ^ C9 Wanggamala at the Australian Indigenous Languages Database, Australian Institute of Aboriginal and Torres Strait Islander Studies
- ^ a b c d e f g h i j k C9 Wanggamala language at the Australian Indigenous Languages Database, Australian Institute of Aboriginal and Torres Strait Islander Studies
- ^ International Encyclopedia of Linguistics: AAVE-Esperanto. Vol. 1. Oxford University Press. 2003. pp. 1–. ISBN 978-0-19-513977-8.
- ^ G2 Ulaolinya at the Australian Indigenous Languages Database, Australian Institute of Aboriginal and Torres Strait Islander Studies
- ^ Bowern, Claire (2001). "Karnic classification revisited". In J Simpson; et al. (eds.). Forty years on. Canberra Pacific Linguistics. pp. 245–260. Archived from the original on 3 November 2021.
- ^ G5 Wangka-Yutjurru^ at the Australian Indigenous Languages Database, Australian Institute of Aboriginal and Torres Strait Islander Studies
- ^ Caddy, Amelia (14 October 2021). "Introducing Pilungah Reserve". Bush Heritage Australia. Retrieved 15 October 2021.
- ^ Barry, Derek (15 October 2021). "Boulia's Cravens Peak is renamed Pilungah". The North West Star. Retrieved 15 October 2021.
- ^ "Wangkamahdla People celebrate Queensland Native Title ruling". NITV. 15 July 2021. Retrieved 15 October 2021.
- ^ Horton, David R. (1996). "Map of Indigenous Australia". AIATSIS.
- ^ a b Tindale 1974, p. 238.
Works cited
edit- Tindale, Norman Barnett (1974). Aboriginal Tribes of Australia: Their Terrain, Environmental Controls, Distribution, Limits, and Proper Names. Australian National University. ISBN 978-0-708-10741-6.