Languages of the Iberian Peninsula

There have been many languages spoken in the Iberian Peninsula.

Historic languages

Pre-Roman languages

Pre-Roman languages of Iberia circa 300 BC

The following languages were spoken in the Iberian Peninsula before the Roman occupation and the spread of the Latin language.

Aquitanian (probably closely related to or the same as Proto-Basque)
Proto-Basque
Iberian
Tartessian
Indo-European languages
- Celtic languages
  - Celtiberian
  - Gallaecian
- Lusitanian (disputed: either Italic, Celtic, Para-Celtic or other Indo-European)
- Sorothaptic
- Hellenic
  - Ancient Greek
Afro-Asiatic languages
- Semitic languages
  - Phoenician
    - Punic

Medieval languages

The following languages were spoken in the Iberian Peninsula in medieval times, following the fall of the Western Roman Empire.

Medieval Basque
Indo-European languages
- Germanic languages
  - Buri
  - Gothic
  - Suebian
  - Vandalic
- Italic languages
  - Latin
    - Astur-Leonese
    - Galician-Portuguese (Old Galician)
    - Old Provençal (Old Occitan)
    - Old Castilian (Old Spanish)
    - Mozarabic
    - Navarro-Aragonese
- Celtic languages
  - Brittonic
- Indo-Iranian languages
  - Scythian
    - Alanic
  - Romani
Afro-Asiatic languages
- Berber languages
- Semitic languages
  - Arabic languages
    - Classical Arabic
      - Andalusian Arabic
  - Jewish languages
    - Medieval Hebrew (based on Biblical Hebrew)
      - Sephardi Hebrew
      - Judaeo-Romance languages (also classified as Italic/Latin languages)
        Judaeo-Aragonese
        
        Judaeo-Catalan
        
        Judaeo-Portuguese
        
        Judaeo-Spanish

Modern languages

The following indigenous languages are currently spoken in the Iberian Peninsula.

By linguistic group

Languages of the Iberian Peninsula (simplified).

Basque (isolate)
Indo-European languages
- Italic languages
  - Romance languages
    - Aragonese
    - Astur-Leonese
      - Asturian
      - Cantabrian (co-dialect with Spanish)
      - Leonese
      - Mirandese
      - Extremaduran (co-dialect with Spanish)
    - Catalan
      - Eastern Catalan
        Northern Catalan
        
        Central Catalan
      - Western Catalan
        North-Western Catalan
        
        Valencian
        
        Ribagorçan (co-dialect with Aragonese)
        Benasquese (co-dialect with Aragonese and Gascon Occitan)
    - French
    - Galician-Portuguese
    - Spanish (or Castilian)
      - Spanish dialects and varieties
- Germanic languages
  - Anglic
    - English (Gibraltar)
Mixed languages
- Caló (Ibero-Romance Romani)
- Erromintxela (Basque Romani)
- Barranquenho
- Llanito
Sign languages

By country

Andorra:
- Catalan (official recognition)
- Spanish
- French
France (Pyrénées-Orientales):
- French (official recognition)
- French Sign Language (official recognition)
- Catalan (official recognition)
- Occitan (not in the Iberian Peninsula, official recognition)
Gibraltar (UK dependency):
- English (official recognition)
- British Sign Language^[1]
- Spanish
- Llanito
Portugal:
- Portuguese (official recognition)
- Portuguese Sign Language (official recognition)
- Mirandese (only spoken in a small eastern area of the Norte region, near Portuguese-Spanish border; official recognition)
- Barranquenho (spoken in the town of Barrancos, near Portuguese–Spanish border; recognized and protected)
- Minderico (only spoken in the town of Minde)
Spain:
- Spanish (also called Castilian, official recognition)
- Spanish Sign Language (official recognition)
- Catalan (official recognition)
- Valencian (official recognition)
- Catalan Sign Language (official recognition)
- Valencian Sign Language (official recognition)
- Galician (official recognition) and Fala
- Eonavian (also called Galician-asturian, official recognition) ^[2]
- Basque (official recognition)
- Aragonese (official recognition)
- Asturian (also called Bable, official recognition)
- Cantabrian
- Leonese (official recognition)
- Extremaduran
- Occitan (not in the Iberian Peninsula, locally called Aranese, official recognition)^[3]
- Moroccan Arabic (not in the Iberian Peninsula)
- Riffian Berber (not in the Iberian Peninsula)

Usage of co-official languages in Spain

Map of co-official languages in Spain

Speakers of official languages in the Spanish autonomous communities
(as a % of each region's population)
Autonomous community	Co-official languages	Co-official language speakers
Balearic Islands (2011)^[4]	Catalan	71.5%
Basque Country (2011)^[5]	Basque	32.0%
Catalonia (2011)^[4]	Catalan	80.9%
Galicia (2007)^[6]	Galician	89.3%
Navarre (2011)^[5]	Basque	11.7%
Valencian Community (2011)^[4]	Valencian	58.4%
Asturias^[7]	Asturian language	42.0%

External links

References

^ Launch of British Sign Language in Gibraltar Archived 2012-04-29 at the Wayback Machine.
^ Act 1/1998, March 23 of Principality of Asturias)
^ Statute of Autonomy of Catalonia, article 6th and Act 35/2010, October 1st of Parliament of Catalonia
^ ^a ^b ^c "Informe sobre la situació de la llengua catalana" (PDF). Observatori de la llengua catalana. 2011. Archived from the original (PDF) on 23 January 2013. Retrieved 6 January 2013.
^ ^a ^b "V. Inkesta Soziolinguistikoa". Hizkuntza Politikarako Sailburuordetza. Retrieved 6 January 2013.
^ "Situación da lingua galega na sociedade. Observación no ámbito da cidadanía 2007" (PDF). Observatorio da Lingua Galega/Xunta de Galicia. Archived from the original (PDF) on 13 September 2016. Retrieved 2 September 2016.
^ "Sociollingüística". Espaciu y Tiempu de la llingua asturiana. Retrieved 6 January 2013.

[1] Launch of British Sign Language in Gibraltar Archived 2012-04-29 at the Wayback Machine.

[2] Act 1/1998, March 23 of Principality of Asturias)

[3] Statute of Autonomy of Catalonia, article 6th and Act 35/2010, October 1st of Parliament of Catalonia

[Cat-4] "Informe sobre la situació de la llengua catalana" (PDF). Observatori de la llengua catalana. 2011. Archived from the original (PDF) on 23 January 2013. Retrieved 6 January 2013.

[Basque-5] "V. Inkesta Soziolinguistikoa". Hizkuntza Politikarako Sailburuordetza. Retrieved 6 January 2013.

[6] "Situación da lingua galega na sociedade. Observación no ámbito da cidadanía 2007" (PDF). Observatorio da Lingua Galega/Xunta de Galicia. Archived from the original (PDF) on 13 September 2016. Retrieved 2 September 2016.

[7] "Sociollingüística". Espaciu y Tiempu de la llingua asturiana. Retrieved 6 January 2013.

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