Ibrahim Aqif Biçakçiu (also known as Ibrahim Biçaku) (10 September 1905 – 4 January 1977) was an Albanian landowner and Axis collaborator, Chairman of the Provisional Executive Committee from September 14 to October 24, 1943, and Prime Minister of Albania from September 6 to October 26, 1944 during the Nazi occupation.[1]
Ibrahim Biçakçiu | |
|---|---|
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| Chairman of the Provisional Executive Committee | |
| In office 14 September 1943 – 24 October 1943 | |
| Preceded by | Office created |
| Succeeded by | Mehdi Frashëri |
| 21st Prime Minister of Albania | |
| In office 6 September 1944 – 26 October 1944 | |
| Preceded by | Fiqri Dine |
| Succeeded by | Enver Hoxha |
| Personal details | |
| Born | 10 September 1905 Elbasan, Albania (then Manastir Vilayet, Ottoman Empire) |
| Died | 4 January 1977 (aged 71) Elbasan, People's Socialist Republic of Albania |
| Political party | Balli Kombëtar |
| Relations | Mahmud Pertef Pasha Biçakçiu (Grandfather), Shefikat Hanëm Alizoti (Grandmother), Qemal Karaosmani (Cousin), Vasfije Alizoti (Great Aunt), Essad Pasha Toptani, Gani Toptani, Nejre Toptani, Sabushe Toptani, Merushe Toptani (Cousins) |
| Parent(s) | Aqif Pasha Biçakçiu (Father), Ifete Hanëm Vrioni (Mother) |
| Profession | Prime Minister, Agronomist |
| Signature | .svg){kind=small} |
Biography
editEarly life
editBorn in 1905, Elbasan which was located in the Manastir vilayet of the Ottoman Empire, today modern day central Albania. Ibrahim Biçakçiu was the son of Aqif Pasha Biçakçiu of Elbasan and the grandson of Mustafa Pasha Biçakçiu, patriarch of one of the three landowning influential and respected Albanian families of the town. His grandmother Shefikat Hanëm Alizoti was from the Alizoti family, which made him the he cousin of Esad Pasha Toptani and his family. His mother was Ifete Hanëm Vrioni of the Vrioni family. His surname, derived from Turkish bıçakçı, means "knifesmith" suggesting that was his ancestors craft/ profession (cognate with the Bosniak surname Bičakčić). His family helped in the Independence of Albania and it was through his family's influence that he grew up with the same ideology and beliefs.
World War II
editIn 1943, together with Bedri bey Pejani and Xhafer Deva, he helped found a national committee of twenty-two Albanian and Kosovo Albanian leaders, which declared Albania independent from fascist occupation and which elected an executive committee to form a provisional government.[2]
Prime minister
editFollowing a week of negotiations, Ibrahim Biçaku agreed to lead a new and small government after Fiqiri Dine.[3] Although Biçaku was the perfect friend of Germany, his reign was nevertheless quite incompetent. This was mainly because Germany was on the brink of defeat and the Albanian partisans were moving out, ready to strike.[4] Tirana paper noted that he had headed the provisional executive committee exactly one year earlier, prior to the construction of the Mitrovica government.[5] Biçaku had become, once again, the front man for the Germans. It was noted that Biçaku would occasionally play Ping-Pong with Ambassador Martin Schliep.[6]
After the war
editDespite many of the Ballists fleeing Albania after the Communists announced their victory, Biçakçiu, like Father Anton Harapi and Cafo Beg Ulqini, chose not to leave and decided that he would rather die in his country of birth than on foreign soil.[7] He was arrested by communist forces in Shkodra on 6 December 1944 and was sentenced to life in prison at the Special Court in Tirana on 13 April 1945. He spent most of his years in prison in Burrel and was released on 5 May 1962 in Elbasan.[8] In his last years he was given a job as a public restrooms cleaner in his city of Elbasan.[9] Biçakçiu died on 4 January 1977.[10]
References
edit- ^ Bernd Jürgen Fischer (1999). Albania at war, 1939–1945. Purdue University Press. ISBN 9781557531414. Retrieved 28 August 2011.
- ^ Robert Elsie (2004). Historical dictionary of Kosovo. Scarecrow Press. ISBN 9780810853096. Retrieved 31 January 2011.
- ^ Bernd Jürgen Fischer (1999). Albania at war, 1939–1945. Purdue University Press. ISBN 9781557531414. Retrieved 28 August 2011.
- ^ Bernd Jürgen Fischer (1999). Albania at war, 1939–1945. Purdue University Press. ISBN 9781557531414. Retrieved 28 August 2011.
- ^ Bernd Jürgen Fischer (1999). Albania at war, 1939–1945. Purdue University Press. ISBN 9781557531414. Retrieved 28 August 2011.
- ^ Bernd Jürgen Fischer (1999). Albania at war, 1939–1945. Purdue University Press. ISBN 9781557531414. Retrieved 28 August 2011.
- ^ Robert Elsie. "Hermann Neubacher: A Nazi Diplomat on Mission in Albania". Archived from the original on 27 January 2012. Retrieved 31 January 2011.
- ^ Robert Elsie (2013). A Biographical Dictionary of Albanian History. Bloomsbury Academic. ISBN 9781780764313. Retrieved 19 September 2014.
- ^ "Sekretet e 33 kryeministrave". Gazeta Tema. 6 November 2015. Archived from the original on 9 December 2015. Retrieved 6 November 2015.
- ^ Robert Elsie. "Final Report of the German Wehrmacht in Albania". Archived from the original on 27 January 2012. Retrieved 31 January 2011.