Imar, O.S.B. Cluny (died at Cluny on 28 October 1161[1]) was a French Benedictine abbot, who served as a bishop and cardinal.
Life
editIn his youth, Imar became a monk at the Priory of Saint-Martin-des-Champs in Paris, a community belonging to the Cluniac Order, later being sent to the motherhouse of the Order, where he professed his solemn vows. Some time after that, he was elected as Abbot of the Abbey of Sainte-Marie la Neuve near Poitiers.[2] He later served as the superior of the Priory of La Charité-sur-Loire, located near Nevers.[3] He was a friend of St. Bernard of Clairvaux, who mentioned him in his letters.[4]
Pope Innocent II appointed Imar the Cardinal-Bishop of Tusculum (whose seat was later moved to Frascati) in the consistory celebrated in March 1142,[5] and he received the episcopal consecration from that pope in the Lateran Basilica later that month.[6] He participated in the papal elections of September 1143, March 1144, July 1153 and December 1154,[7] and signed as witness the papal bulls issued between 19 April 1142 and 18 February 1159.[8] He served as papal legate to England during the pontificate of Pope Lucius II (1144–1145).[9] He became Dean of the Sacred College of Cardinals in 1153.[citation needed]
After the double papal election of 1159, Imar became a supporter of the Antipope Victor IV[10] and consecrated him to the episcopate in the Abbey of Farfa on 4 October 1159, with the assistance of the Bishops Ubaldo of Ferentino and Riccardo of Melfi.[11] Due to this, he was excommunicated and deposed from his titles by Pope Alexander III, historically considered to be the legitimate pope. Imar then participated in the schismatic Council of Pavia of February 1160, which anathematized Alexander. Soon after this, he submitted to Alexander and retired to the Abbey of Cluny, where he died in 1161.
Further reading
edit- Johannes M. Brixius, Die Mitglieder des Kardinalskollegiums von 1130-1181, Berlin 1912, p. 44 and 91–92
- Gaetano Moroni, Dizionario di erudizione storico-ecclesiastica da S. Pietro sino ai nostri giorni. Vol. XXXIII, Tipografia Emiliana, Venezia, 1840–1861, p. 266-267
- Philipp Jaffé, Regesta pontificum Romanorum ab condita Ecclesia ad annum post Christum natum MCXCVIII, Berlin 1851
- Biographical entries of the Cardinal-Bishops of Frascati (Tusculum) on the official site of that suburbicarian see
- Salvador Miranda: Consistories for the creation of cardinals 12th Century (1099-1198) Archived 2011-02-01 at the Wayback Machine and Papal elections of the 12th Century (1100-1198) Archived 2017-06-01 at the Wayback Machine
References
edit- ^ Brixius, p. 44, says that he died between 7 April 1161, when he is attested for the last time as a living person, and 1 June 1162, when Theobaldus was appointed his successor as Cardinal-Bishop of Frascati. The date 28 October, without a year, is given by the necrology of St. Martin des Champs, published by F. Duchesne, Histoire de tous les cardinaux françois, 1660, p. 99
- ^ This is according to the site of the see of Frascati Archived 2012-02-21 at the Wayback Machine and Brixius, p. 44. G. Moroni, p. 266 indicates that he was not Abbot of Santa Maria Nuova but Abbot General of the Order of Cluny; however, Moroni seems to be in error because Imar is not mentioned in Catalogus abbatum Cluniacensium
- ^ S. Miranda: Imar, O.S.B. Archived 2011-05-01 at the Wayback Machine
- ^ G. Moroni, p. 266-267; Site of the see of Frascati Archived 2012-02-21 at the Wayback Machine
- ^ S. Miranda: List of the cardinals created by Innocent II Archived 2011-02-01 at the Wayback Machine
- ^ G. Moroni, p. 266
- ^ S. Miranda: papal elections of 12th century Archived 2017-06-01 at the Wayback Machine
- ^ Philipp Jaffé, p. 559, 605, 609, 615, 653 and 658
- ^ G. Moroni, p. 266
- ^ S. Miranda, Election of Antipope Victor IV, 7 September 1159 Archived 1 June 2017 at the Wayback Machine
- ^ S. Miranda: pseudocardinal bishops of Victor IV (no. 2 and 3)