The Icterine warbler (Hippolais icterina) is an Old World warbler in the tree warbler genus Hippolais. It breeds in mainland Europe except the southwest, where it is replaced by its western counterpart, the melodious warbler. It is migratory, wintering in sub-Saharan Africa.
| Icterine warbler | |
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| In Czech Republic | |
Scientific classification 
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| Domain: | Eukaryota |
| Kingdom: | Animalia |
| Phylum: | Chordata |
| Class: | Aves |
| Order: | Passeriformes |
| Family: | Acrocephalidae |
| Genus: | Hippolais |
| Species: | H. icterina
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| Binomial name | |
| Hippolais icterina (Vieillot, 1817)
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| Range of Icterine Warbler Breeding Passage Non-breeding
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Description
editA fairly big warbler with a large head, broad-based bill and long wings with a quite short square-ended tail. The upperparts are greyish-green and the underparts are uniformly light yellow. It has pale lores and a rather vague yellowish supercilium with a pale eye ring. Other distinguishing features include a panel on the folded wings formed by pale edges to the secondary feathers and tertiary feathers and the grey, sometimes bluish legs.[2]
Habitat
editThe icterine warbler is a bird of woodland rather than forest, preferring woodland edge or glades, favouring the crowns of well-spaced trees with tall undergrowth. It prefers broad-leafed trees, but may be found in conifers mixed with broad-leafed trees. It will use copses, orchards, parks, gardens, shelterbelts and tall hedges interspersed with trees.[3]
Voice
editThe song is a fast nasal babbling incorporating mimicry of other species. The call is described as teck or tec, tec, tec.[2]
Distribution and movements
editThe icterine warbler has the most northerly and widespread distribution of the four Hippolais species; its breeding range extends from northern France and Norway through most of northern and eastern Europe, south as far as the northern Balkans mountains and Crimea mountains eastwards in a narrowing band to the River Ob.[3] It has bred in Scotland recently but it is normally a passage migrant in Great Britain and Ireland.[4] There is a 2022 record of the Icterine warbler from Gambell, Alaska, and it was also documented in the state the following year.[5]
It is a migratory species and the entire population winters in sub-Saharan Africa, mainly south of the equator. It begins its southward migration from late July, peaking in early August and then returns to the breeding range in late May.[3]
Biology
editThe icterine warbler is mainly insectivorous but will feed on fruit in late summer. It forages among the foliage taking insects either on the leaves or fluttering, and it will flycatch. In general it is clumsier than the smaller but superficially similar Phylloscopus warblers. Rather solitary, it is territorial on both the breeding and wintering grounds. Four to six eggs are laid in a nest in a tree or a bush.[3]
Etymology
editThe genus name Hippolais is from Ancient Greek hupolais, as misspelt by Linnaeus. It referred to a small bird mentioned by Aristotle and others and may be onomatopoeic or derived from hupo,"under", and laas, "stone". The specific icterina is Greek for "jaundice-yellow". Icterus was an old word for jaundice, and also referred to a yellowish-green bird, perhaps the golden oriole, the sight of which was believed to cure the disease.[6][7] It is colloquially referred to by birders as icky.[8]
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The scientific name was also spelt as Hypolais icterina.[9]
References
edit- ^ BirdLife International (2017) [amended version of 2016 assessment]. "Hippolais icterina". IUCN Red List of Threatened Species. 2017: e.T22714916A111100735. doi:10.2305/IUCN.UK.2017-1.RLTS.T22714916A111100735.en. Retrieved 12 November 2021.
- ^ a b Svensson, Lars; Mullarney, Killian; Zetterstrom, Dab (2009). Collins Bird Guide (2nd ed.). HarperCollins. pp. 324–325.
- ^ a b c d Snow, D.W.; Perrins, C.M. (1998). The Birds of the Western Palearctic Concise Edition Volume 2 Passerines. Oxford University Press. pp. 12842–1284. ISBN 0-19-850188-9.
- ^ "BTO Atlas work produces Icky results". Birdguides. 6 October 2009. Retrieved 16 October 2016.
- ^ "American Birding Association Checklist Committee (CLC) Midterm Report, 2023". American Birding Association. 19 July 2023.
- ^ Jobling, James A (2010). The Helm Dictionary of Scientific Bird Names. London: Christopher Helm. pp. 192, 201. ISBN 978-1-4081-2501-4.
- ^ "Icterus". Oxford English Dictionary (Online ed.). Oxford University Press. (Subscription or participating institution membership required.)
- ^ Moss, Stephen (2012). The Hedgerows Heaped with May. Aurum Press. ISBN 978-1-7813-1101-1.
- ^ See e.g. Keulemans, John Gerrard (1876). (in Dutch). Vol. 3 – via Wikisource.
External links
edit
- Icterine warbler from BirdGuides
- Icterine warbler/ - Species text in The Atlas of Southern African Birds.