Illuy (cantillation)

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Illuy
עִלּוּי ֬ דָּבָ֬ר
cantillation
Sof passuk ׃   Paseq ׀
Etnakhta/atnakh ֑   Segol ֒
Shalshelet ֓   Zakef katan ֔
Zakef gadol ֕   Tifcha/tarkha ֖
Rivia ֗   Zarka ֘
Pashta ֙   Yetiv ֚
Tevir ֛   Geresh ֜
Geresh muqdam [de] ֝   Gershayim ֞
Karne parah ֟   Telisha gedola/talsha ֠
Pazer ֡   Atnah hafukh [de] ֢
Munakh/shofar holekh ֣   Mahpach ֤
Merkha/ma’arikh ֥   Mercha kefula ֦
Darga ֧   Qadma ֨
Telisha qetana/tarsa ֩   Yerah ben yomo ֪
Ole ֫   Illuy ֬
Dehi [de] ֭   Tsinnorit ֮

The Illuy or Iluy (Hebrew: עִלּוּי) is a Trope (from Yiddish טראָפּ "trop") in the Judaic Liturgy. It is one of the cantillation marks used in the three poetic books: Job, the Book of Proverbs, and the Psalms. Accordingly, it is a special mark belonging to the Ta'amei Sifrei Emet (meaning, the accent signs of the books of truth).

Symbol

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The symbol of Illuy ( ֬‎ ) is the same as that of Munach ( ֣‎ ), except that the Illuy is positioned above the Hebrew letter, while the Munach is positioned below it.

In the Yemeni tradition the Illuy is also called the "Shofar illuy" (Hebrew: שׁוֹפָר עִלּוּי). However, "Shofar illuy" means Munach in the Italian tradition.

Description

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The Hebrew word עִלּוּי is a derivative of the word עִלִּי (meaning "upper" or "top"), hence its position above the letter.

Occurrences

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The Trope Illuy occurs in only three books.

Part of the Tanach Illuy
Book of Job 20
Proverbs 14
Psalms 146
Total 180

Literature

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  • William Wickes: A treatise on the accentuation of the three so-called poetical books on the Old Testament, Psalms, Proverbs, and Job. 1881 (Illuy is available for free viewing and download at the Internet Archive).
  • William Wickes: A treatise on the accentuation of the twenty-one so-called prose books of the Old Testament. 1887 (Illuy is available for free viewing and download at the Internet Archive).
  • Arthur Davis: The Hebrew accents of the twenty-one Books of the Bible (K"A Sefarim) with a new introduction. 1900 (Illuy is available for free viewing and download at the Internet Archive).
  • Francis L. Cohen (1906). "Cantillation". In Isidore Singer (ed.). The Jewish Encyclopedia. Vol. III. New York: KTAV Publishing House. pp. 542–548.
  • Solomon Rosowsky (1957). The Cantillation of the Bible. The Five Books of Moses. New York: The Reconstructionist Press.
  • James D. Price (1996). Concordance of the Hebrew accents in the Hebrew Bible. Vol. I: Concordance of the Hebrew Accents used in the Pentateuch. Lewiston, New York: Edwin Mellon Press. ISBN 0-7734-2395-8.
  • Joshua R. Jacobson (2002). Chanting the Hebrew Bible. The art of cantillation (1. ed.). Philadelphia: Jewish Publication Society. ISBN 0-8276-0693-1.
  • Joshua R. Jacobson (2005). Chanting the Hebrew Bible. Student Edition. Philadelphia: The Jewish Publication Society. ISBN 0-8276-0816-0.

References

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