Data governance in the context of Indigenous data involves supporting the data interests, gaps and priorities of Indigenous peoples, in order to enable Indigenous self-determination.[1] Generally, data governance refers to who has ownership, control and access over the use of data. [1] Indigenous data governance requires the data to surround Indigenous peoples and its purpose to reflect Indigenous needs and priorities, rather than omitting Indigenous peoples in the production of Indigenous data.[2]
Overview
editIndigenous data governance is key in enabling Indigenous self-determinism and rebuilding strong Indigenous nations.[editorializing] Oftentimes, Indigenous peoples do not have access to relevant Indigenous data. Currently[when?] in Canada, much information on Indigenous peoples are considered government data that fall under Crown copyright, limiting access to relevant data such as archeological sites that are of significance to Indigenous nations.[3] Thus, Indigenous data that lacks strong data governance often misrepresent Indigenous peoples, help inform policies that have discriminatory impacts on Indigenous peoples, and uphold colonial practices.[2]
Definition of Indigenous data
editIndigenous data can include knowledge and information on census, health and other administrative data about Indigenous peoples, information on the environment, non-humans and resources, and information on cultural heritage such as oral histories, clan knowledge and cultural sites.[4] Indigenous data be produced by Indigenous people, governments, other institutions, and corporations.[4] In terms of rebuilding Indigenous nations, Indigenous data can be useful for tribal governments when making decisions about their resources and communities.[5]
Indigenous data sovereignty
editCompanies and states often have the power in deciding what kind of data is produced and for what purposes.[6] Data sovereignty in the context of Indigenous data is about ensuring that Indigenous people have a say in the data that is produced about them, how this data is shared and the purpose behind sharing the data.[6] Data sovereignty holds significance for Indigenous peoples, as marginalized groups of people, because it allows them to protect their land, cultural heritage and knowledge.[6]
Indigenous data sovereignty has received formal recognition from the United Nations through the United Nations Declaration on the Rights of Indigenous Peoples (UNDRIP). [7] UNDRIP was formed by the United Nations in 2007.[4] UNDRIP provides a universal framework of human rights standards that should be met in relation to Indigenous peoples, in addition to existing human rights standards.[8]
CARE principles
editAn early framework that addressed the lack of Indigenous peoples authority in the production of Indigenous data was the First Nations principles of OCAP.[9] More recently, The CARE principles of Indigenous data governance have been created by the Global Indigenous Data Alliance (GIDA 2019) as a framework for open data initiatives in incorporating Indigenous data sovereignty.[7] The CARE principles are an extension of the FAIR principles of open data, which focus on increasing data sharing and data accessibility devoid of historical context and power dynamics.[10] In contrast to the FAIR principles of open data, the CARE principles are people and purpose oriented rather than data oriented, and are rooted in Indigenous world views.[7][10]
See also
editReferences
edit- ^ a b Kukutai, T. and Taylor, J. (eds), Indigenous Data Sovereignty: Towards An Agenda. Australian National University Press, Canberra, p. 154
- ^ a b Kitchin, Rob (2022). The data revolution : a critical analysis of big data, open data & data infrastructures (2nd ed.). Los Angeles, CA. p. 92. ISBN 978-1-5297-3375-4. OCLC 1285687714.
{{cite book}}: CS1 maint: location missing publisher (link) - ^ Gupta, Neha; Blair, Sue; Nicholas, Ramona (2020-02-20). "What We See, What We Don't See: Data Governance, Archaeological Spatial Databases and the Rights of Indigenous Peoples in an Age of Big Data". Journal of Field Archaeology. 45 (sup1): S39–S50. doi:10.1080/00934690.2020.1713969. ISSN 0093-4690. S2CID 213024460.
- ^ a b c Carroll, Stephanie Russo; Garba, Ibrahim; Figueroa-Rodríguez, Oscar L.; Holbrook, Jarita; Lovett, Raymond; Materechera, Simeon; Parsons, Mark; Raseroka, Kay; Rodriguez-Lonebear, Desi; Rowe, Robyn; Sara, Rodrigo; Walker, Jennifer D.; Anderson, Jane; Hudson, Maui (2020-11-04). "The CARE Principles for Indigenous Data Governance". Data Science Journal. 19: 43. doi:10.5334/dsj-2020-043. hdl:1885/311806. ISSN 1683-1470. S2CID 228468384.
- ^ Carroll, Stephanie Russo; Rodriguez-Lonebear, Desi; Martinez, Andrew (2019-07-08). "Indigenous Data Governance: Strategies from United States Native Nations". Data Science Journal. 18 (1): 31. doi:10.5334/dsj-2019-031. ISSN 1683-1470. PMC 8580324. PMID 34764990.
- ^ a b c Kitchin, Rob (2022). The data revolution : a critical analysis of big data, open data & data infrastructures (2nd ed.). Los Angeles, CA. p. 294. ISBN 978-1-5297-3375-4. OCLC 1285687714.
{{cite book}}: CS1 maint: location missing publisher (link) - ^ a b c Kitchin, Rob (2022). The data revolution : a critical analysis of big data, open data & data infrastructures (2nd ed.). Los Angeles, CA. p. 295. ISBN 978-1-5297-3375-4. OCLC 1285687714.
{{cite book}}: CS1 maint: location missing publisher (link) - ^ "United Nations Declaration on the Rights of Indigenous Peoples". United Nations For Indigenous Peoples. Retrieved 2022-12-07.
- ^ Walter, Maggie; Suina, Michele (2019-05-04). "Indigenous data, indigenous methodologies and indigenous data sovereignty". International Journal of Social Research Methodology. 22 (3): 233–243. doi:10.1080/13645579.2018.1531228. ISSN 1364-5579. S2CID 149962887.
- ^ a b "CARE Principles of Indigenous Data Governance — Global Indigenous Data Alliance". 2021-08-27. Archived from the original on 2021-08-27. Retrieved 2022-12-07.