The infrahyoid muscles, or strap muscles, are a group of four pairs of muscles in the anterior (frontal) part of the neck.[1] The four infrahyoid muscles are the sternohyoid, sternothyroid, thyrohyoid and omohyoid muscles.[1]
| Infrahyoid muscles | |
|---|---|
 Muscles of the neck seen from the front. The infrahyoid muscles are coloured in violet. | |
| Details | |
| Nerve | Ansa cervicalis (except thyrohyoid muscle) |
| Actions | Depress the hyoid bone |
| Identifiers | |
| Latin | musculi infrahyoidei |
| TA98 | A04.2.04.001 |
| TA2 | 2167 |
| FMA | 71298 |
| Anatomical terms of muscle | |
Excluding the sternothyroid, the infrahyoid muscles either originate from or insert on to the hyoid bone.[2]
The term infrahyoid refers to the region below the hyoid bone, while the term strap muscles refers to the long and flat muscle shapes which resembles a strap. The stylopharyngeus muscle is considered by many to be one of the strap muscles,[citation needed] but is not an infrahyoid muscle.
Individual muscles
editThe origin, insertion and innervation of the individual muscles:[3]
| Muscle | Origin | Insertion | Innervation |
|---|---|---|---|
| Sternohyoid | Posterior surface of manubrium sterni, adjoining parts of clavicle and the posterior sternoclavicular ligament | Medial part of lower border of hyoid bone | Ansa cervicalis |
| Sternothyroid | Posterior surface of manubrium sterni and adjoining part of first costal cartilage | Oblique line of thyroid cartilage | Ansa cervicalis |
| Thyrohyoid | Oblique line of the thyroid cartilage | Lower border of the body and the greater cornu of the hyoid bone | Cervical spinal nerve 1 via the hypoglossal nerve |
| Omohyoid (superior belly) | Intermediate tendon | Hyoid bone | Superior root of ansa cervicalis (C1) |
| Omohyoid (inferior belly) | Superior border of scapula | Intermediate tendon | Ansa cervicalis (C1-C3) |
Nerve supply
editAll of the infrahyoid muscles are innervated by the ansa cervicalis from the cervical plexus (C1-C3)[4][5] except the thyrohyoid muscle, which is innervated by fibers only from the first cervical spinal nerve travelling with the hypoglossal nerve.[1]
Function
editThe infrahyoid muscles function to elevate and depress the hyoid bone and larynx during swallowing and speech.[6] This moves the larynx as one unit.[7]
See also
editReferences
edit- ^ a b c McHanwell, Steve; Watson, Charles (1 January 2009). "Localization of Motoneurons in the Spinal Cord". The Spinal Cord: 94–114. doi:10.1016/B978-0-12-374247-6.50011-0. ISBN 9780123742476.
- ^ KenHub. "Infrahyoid muscles". Retrieved 24 May 2019.
- ^ Ellis, Harold; Susan Standring; Gray, Henry David (2005). Gray's anatomy: the anatomical basis of clinical practice. St. Louis, Mo: Elsevier Churchill Livingstone. pp. 538–539. ISBN 0-443-07168-3.
- ^ Cesmebasi, Alper (1 January 2015), Tubbs, R. Shane; Rizk, Elias; Shoja, Mohammadali M.; Loukas, Marios (eds.), "Chapter 31 - Anatomy of the Cervical Plexus and Its Branches", Nerves and Nerve Injuries, San Diego: Academic Press, pp. 441–449, doi:10.1016/b978-0-12-410390-0.00032-9, ISBN 978-0-12-410390-0
- ^ Kayalioglu, Gulgun (1 January 2009), Watson, Charles; Paxinos, George; Kayalioglu, Gulgun (eds.), "Chapter 4 - The Spinal Nerves", The Spinal Cord, San Diego: Academic Press, pp. 37–56, doi:10.1016/b978-0-12-374247-6.50008-0, ISBN 978-0-12-374247-6
- ^ Merea, Valeria Silva; Pitman, Michael J. (1 January 2019), Chhetri, Dinesh K.; Dewan, Karuna (eds.), "Chapter 5 - Anatomy and Physiology of the Upper Esophageal Sphincter", Dysphagia Evaluation and Management in Otolaryngology, Elsevier, pp. 29–34, doi:10.1016/b978-0-323-56930-9.00005-x, ISBN 978-0-323-56930-9, S2CID 80855923
- ^ Feinstein, Aaron J.; Dewan, Karuna (1 January 2019), Chhetri, Dinesh K.; Dewan, Karuna (eds.), "Chapter 4 - Larynx", Dysphagia Evaluation and Management in Otolaryngology, Elsevier, pp. 23–28, doi:10.1016/b978-0-323-56930-9.00004-8, ISBN 978-0-323-56930-9