International Brotherhood of Blacksmiths, Drop Forgers and Helpers
The International Brotherhood of Blacksmiths, Drop Forgers and Helpers (IBB&H) was a labor union representing metal workers in the United States and Canada.
The union was founded in 1889, as the International Brotherhood of Blacksmiths, initially representing blacksmiths working in the railroad industry. It was severely affected by the American Railway Union strike of 1894 and nearly collapsed. It was chartered by the American Federation of Labor (AFL) on October 30, 1897. In 1903, it absorbed some AFL-affiliated local unions representing blacksmiths and helpers outside the railroad industry, and renamed itself as the International Brotherhood of Blacksmiths and Helpers. In 1919, the union absorbed the Brotherhood of Drop Forgers, Die Sinkers, and Trimming Die Makers, and adopted its final name.[1][2][3]
By 1925, the union had 15,000 members, but would only admit white workers as blacksmiths, black workers being restricted to helper roles.[1] Membership grew to 25,000 in 1950.[4] On May 16, 1951, it merged into what is now the International Brotherhood of Boilermakers, Iron Ship Builders, Blacksmiths, Forgers and Helpers.[3]
Presidents
edit- 1889: James Edwards
- 1891: James H. Cater
- 1893: John Slocum
- 1905: James W. Kline
- 1926: Roy Horn
- 1944: John Pelkofer
References
edit- ^ a b Handbook of American Trade Unions (PDF). Washington, D.C.: United States Department of Labor. 1926. Retrieved 24 April 2022.
- ^ Reynolds, Lloyd G.; Killingsworth, Charles C. (1944). Trade Union Publications: The Official Journals, Convention Proceedings, and Constitutions of International Unions and Federations, 1850-1941. Baltimore: Johns Hopkins Press.
- ^ a b "Inactive Organizations" (PDF). UMD Labor Collections. University of Maryland. Retrieved 18 April 2022.
- ^ Directory of Labor Unions in the United States (PDF). Washington DC: United States Department of Labor. 1950. Retrieved 5 July 2022.
Further reading
edit- Fink, Gary M. ed. Labor unions (Greenwood, 1977) pp. 33–35. online