November 2009 International Criminal Court judges election

A special election for two judges of the International Criminal Court was held during the 8th session of the Assembly of States Parties to the Rome Statute of the International Criminal Court in The Hague on 18 November 2009.[1]

The election had become necessary after two judges elected in the January election were unavailable: Mohamed Shahabuddeen of Guyana had resigned before taking office[2] while Fumiko Saiga of Japan had died on 24 April 2009.[3]

Background

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The judges elected at this election were chosen to complete the terms, until 10 March 2018, of the judges they replaced.

The election was governed by the Rome Statute of the International Criminal Court. Its article 36(8)(a) states that "[t]he States Parties shall, in the selection of judges, take into account the need, within the membership of the Court, for:

  • (i) The representation of the principal legal systems of the world;
  • (ii) Equitable geographical representation; and
  • (iii) A fair representation of female and male judges."

Furthermore, article 36(3)(b) and 36(5) provide for two lists:

  • List A contains those judges that "[h]ave established competence in criminal law and procedure, and the necessary relevant experience, whether as judge, prosecutor, advocate or in other similar capacity, in criminal proceedings";
  • List B contains those who "[h]ave established competence in relevant areas of international law such as international humanitarian law and the law of human rights, and extensive experience in a professional legal capacity which is of relevance to the judicial work of the Court".

Each candidate must belong to exactly one list.

Further rules of election were adopted by a resolution of the Assembly of States Parties in 2004.[4]

Nomination process

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Following these rules, the nomination period of judges for the November 2009 special election lasted from 5 August to 16 September 2009 and was extended thrice until 28 October 2009 due to the lack of candidates from some groups for which minimum voting requirements were in place. The following persons were nominated:[5]

Name Nationality List A or B Region Gender
Silvia Fernández de Gurmendi   Argentina List A Latin American and Caribbean States Female
Cecilia Medina Quiroga   Chile List B Latin American and Caribbean States Female
Marco Gerardo Monroy Cabra   Colombia List B Latin American and Caribbean States Male
Kuniko Ozaki   Japan List B Asian States Female
Duke E. E. Pollard   Guyana List B Latin American and Caribbean States Male

Minimum voting requirements

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Minimum voting requirements governed part of the election. This was to ensure that article 36(8)(a) cited above is fulfilled. For this election, the following minimum voting requirements existed; they were to be adjusted once the election was underway.

Regarding the List A or B requirement, there was no minimum voting requirement.[6]

Regarding the regional criteria, there was a voting requirement for one judge from the Asian States and one judge from the Latin American and Caribbean States.

Regarding the gender criteria, there was no minimum voting requirement.

The regional and gender criteria were to be adjusted even before the election depending on the number of candidates. Paragraph 20(b) of the ASP resolution that governed the elections states that if there are less than double the number of candidates required for each region, the minimum voting requirement shall be a (rounded-up) half of the number of candidates; except when there is only one candidate which results in no voting requirement. Furthermore, if the number of candidates of one gender is less than ten, then the minimum voting requirement shall not exceed a certain number depending on the number of candidates.

The regional and gender criteria could have been dropped either if they were not (jointly) possible any more, or if after four ballots not all seats were filled.

The voting requirements were as follows:

Criterion Voting requirement ex ante Candidates as of now Adjusted voting requirement Adjusted requirement equals ex ante?
Lists A or B
List A 0 1 0 Yes
List B 0 4 0 Yes
Regional criteria
African states 0 0 0 Yes
Asian states 1 1 0 No
Eastern European states 0 0 0 Yes
Latin American and Caribbean States 1 4 1 Yes
Western European and other States 0 0 0 Yes
Gender criteria
Female 0 3 0 Yes
Male 0 2 0 Yes

Ballots

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All ballots took place on 18 November 2009. The voting totals were as follows:

Name Nationality List A or B Region Gender 1st round 2nd round 3rd round 4th round 5th round 6th round
Number of States Parties voting 92 89 91 91 89 88
Two-thirds majority 62 60 61 61 60 59
Kuniko Ozaki   Japan List B Asian States Female 79 elected
Silvia Fernández de Gurmendi   Argentina List A Latin American and Caribbean States Female 36 35 42 49 58 62
Duke E. E. Pollard   Guyana List B Latin American and Caribbean States Male 26 27 32 33 31 26
Cecilia Medina Quiroga   Chile List B Latin American and Caribbean States Female 23 20 17 9 withdrawn
Marco Gerardo Monroy Cabra   Colombia List B Latin American and Caribbean States Male 13 7 withdrawn

References

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  1. ^ "Results of the fourth election of the judges of the International Criminal Court". International Criminal Court. 3 December 2009. Archived from the original on 7 August 2011. Retrieved 11 December 2011.
  2. ^ Resignation of Mr. Mohamed Shahabuddeen. ICC. 18 February 2009. Retrieved 11 December 2011.
  3. ^ Passing of Judge Fumiko Saiga. ICC. 24 April 2009. Retrieved 11 December 2011.
  4. ^ "Resolution ICC-ASP/3/Res.6" (PDF). Assembly of States Parties to the Rome Statute. 10 September 2004. Archived (PDF) from the original on 15 April 2024. Retrieved 22 July 2024.
  5. ^ "Alphabetical listing". International Criminal Court. 16 September 2009. Archived from the original on 14 September 2009. Retrieved 12 October 2011.
  6. ^ Note verbale governing the election. ICC. Retrieved 11 December 2011.