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Telecommunications in Niger include radio, television, fixed and mobile telephones, and the Internet.
Radio and television
edit- state-run TV station; 3 private TV stations provide a mix of local and foreign programming (2007);[1]
- 5 AM, 6 FM, and 4 shortwave stations (2001).[2]
Television stations: state-run TV station; 3 private TV stations provide a mix of local and foreign programming (2007).[1]
Television sets:[needs update]
Because literacy levels in the country are low, radio is a key source for news and information.[4]
Radio France Internationale (RFI) is available in the capital, Niamey, and in the Maradi and Zinder regions. The BBC World Service broadcasts in the capital (100.4 FM).[4]
Press freedom and control
editThe state controls much of the nation's broadcasting, though private radio stations have proliferated. The media regulatory body, the National Observatory on Communication, and the Independent Nigerien Media Observatory for Ethics, a voluntary media watchdog organization, help to maintain the media environment in Niger. The government maintains a 200 million CFA (~US$400,000) press support fund, established by law and available to all media, to encourage support for education, information, entertainment, and promoting democracy.[4]
Press freedom "improved considerably" after Mamadou Tandja was ousted as president in 2010. Media offences were decriminalised shortly afterwards.[4] With the passage of the 2010 law protecting journalists from prosecution related to their work and President Issoufou's November 2011 endorsement of the Declaration of Table Mountain statement on press freedom in Africa (the first head of state to sign the statement),[5] the country continues its efforts to improve press freedom. The Declaration of Table Mountain calls for the repeal of criminal defamation and "insult" laws and for moving press freedom higher on the African agenda.[6]
Telephones
editCalling code: +227[1]
International call prefix: 00[7]
Main lines:
- 100,500 lines in use, 145th in the world (2012);[1]
- 24,000 lines in use, 186th in the world (2005).[2]
Mobile cellular:
Telephone system: inadequate; small system of wire, radio telephone communications, and microwave radio relay links concentrated in the southwestern area of Niger; domestic satellite system with 3 earth stations and 1 planned; combined fixed-line and mobile-cellular teledensity remains only about 30 per 100 persons despite a rapidly increasing cellular subscribership base (2010); United Nations estimates placed telephone subscribers at 0.2 per hundred in 2000, rising to 2.5 per hundred in 2006.[8]
Satellite earth stations: 2 Intelsat (1 Atlantic Ocean and 1 Indian Ocean) (2010).[1]
Communications cables: Africa Coast to Europe (ACE) via land links between Niger and the Atlantic coast.[9]
Internet
editTop-level domain: .ne, controlled by the parastatal telecom company, Niger Telecoms.[2][needs update?]
- 230,084 users, 150th in the world; 1.4% of the population, 205th in the world (2012).[10][11]
- 115,900 users, 155th in the world (2009);[1]
- 40,000 users, 173rd in the world (2006).[2]
Fixed broadband: 3,596 subscriptions, 166th in the world; less than 0.05% of the population, 185th in the world (2012).[10][12]
Wireless broadband: Unknown (2012).[13]
IPv4: 20,480 addresses allocated, less than 0.05% of the world total, 1.2 addresses per 1000 people (2012).[14][15]
The United Nations estimated that there were only 0.3 Internet users per 100 Nigeriens in 2006, up from less than 0.1 per 100 in 2000.[8] As a point of reference, the Millennium Development Goal for least developed countries by 2015 is 8.2 Internet users per 100 population.[16]
Internet censorship and surveillance
editThere are no government restrictions on access to the Internet or reports that the government monitors e-mail or Internet chat rooms. Although individuals and groups can engage in the peaceful expression of views via the Internet, few residents have access to it.[6]
The constitution and law provide for freedom of speech and press, and the government generally respects these rights in practice. The constitution and law generally prohibit arbitrary interference with privacy, family, home, or correspondence, and the government generally respects these prohibitions.[6]
See also
edit- Niger Telecoms, the state-owned telecommunications company
- Société Nigérienne des Télécommunications (SONITEL), its predecessor
- Office of Radio and Television of Niger, state broadcast authority
- Media of Niger
- Economy of Niger
- List of terrestrial fibre optic cable projects in Africa
References
edit
This article incorporates public domain material from The World Factbook. CIA.- This article incorporates public domain material from websites or documents of the United States Department of State.
- ^ a b c d e f g h "Communications: Niger", World Factbook, U.S. Central Intelligence Agency, 28 January 2014. Retrieved 28 January 2014.
- ^ a b c d e f g h "Communications: Niger", World Factbook, U.S. Central Intelligence Agency, 10 February 2009. Retrieved 18 February 2009.
- ^ a b Decalo, Samuel (1997). Historical Dictionary of the Niger (3rd ed.). Scarecrow Press (Rowman & Littlefield). ISBN 0-8108-3136-8.
- ^ a b c d "Niger profile: Media", BBC News, 24 January 2013. Retrieved 9 February 2014.
- ^ "President of Niger, Mahamadou Issoufou, to sign Declaration of Table Mountain", Andrew Heslop, World Association of Newspapers and News Publishers (WAN-IFRA), 29 November 2011. Retrieved 9 February 2014.
- ^ a b c "Niger", Country Reports on Human Rights Practices for 2012, Bureau of Democracy, Human Rights and Labor, U.S. Department of State, 22 March 2013. Retrieved 9 February 2014.
- ^ Dialing Procedures (International Prefix, National (Trunk) Prefix and National (Significant) Number) (in Accordance with ITY-T Recommendation E.164 (11/2010)), Annex to ITU Operational Bulletin No. 994-15.XII.2011, International Telecommunication Union (ITU, Geneva), 15 December 2011. Retrieved 2 January 2014.
- ^ a b Niger country profile. World Statistics Pocketbook, United Nations Statistics Division, 2007.
- ^ "Overview", ACE: Africa Coast to Europe, Orange SA. Retrieved 9 February 2014.
- ^ a b Calculated using penetration rate and population data from "Countries and Areas Ranked by Population: 2012" Archived 2017-03-29 at the Wayback Machine, Population data, International Programs, U.S. Census Bureau, retrieved 26 June 2013
- ^ "Percentage of Individuals using the Internet 2000–2012", International Telecommunication Union (Geneva), June 2013, retrieved 22 June 2013
- ^ "Fixed (wired)-broadband subscriptions per 100 inhabitants 2012", Dynamic Report, ITU ITC EYE, International Telecommunication Union. Retrieved on 29 June 2013.
- ^ "Active mobile-broadband subscriptions per 100 inhabitants 2012", Dynamic Report, ITU ITC EYE, International Telecommunication Union. Retrieved on 29 June 2013.
- ^ Select Formats Archived 2009-05-13 at the Wayback Machine, Country IP Blocks. Accessed on 2 April 2012. Note: Site is said to be updated daily.
- ^ Population, The World Factbook, United States Central Intelligence Agency. Accessed on 2 April 2012. Note: Data are mostly for 1 July 2012.
- ^ "Indicator 8.16, Internet users per 100 inhabitants: Niger", Millennium Development Goals Indicators, United Nations Statistical Division. Retrieved 18 February 2009.
External links
edit- Transports et télécoms (Statistical series) (in French), Institut National de la Statistique, Niger.
- Does Digital Divide or Provide? The Impact of Cell Phones on Grain Markets in Niger, Jenny C. Aker, Center for Global Development, Tufts University, 1 October 2008.
- Le paysage médiatique nigérien (The Nigerian media landscape) (in French), Djilali Benamrane, Afrik.com, 6 March 2002. English translation.
- Niger Information and Communications Technology Assessment, Yaovi Atohoun, Eileen Reynolds, Karl Stanzick, United States Education for Development and Democracy Initiative, 3 May 2001.