The elections for City and Village Councils of Iran were held on 26 February 1999, for the first time in the history of the Islamic Republic of Iran to elect some 200,000 seats.[2] Though many sources consider the elections the first local elections since the Iranian Revolution, two decade earlier 1979 local elections took place in a more limited scope.[3]
 | |||||||
| |||||||
≈200,000 Seats in City and Village Councils | |||||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Registered | 36,739,982[1] | ||||||
| Turnout | 64.42%[1] | ||||||
| |||||||
These elections saw great levels of public participation and civic engagement and still tend to be viewed as an "historic moment"[2] and important opportunity for citizens to play an active part in the management of their municipalities at a local level.[4]
In many large cities, especially Tehran and Isfahan, candidates from 2nd of Khordad movement won the elections. Independents were elected in most rural areas, reflecting concern for local issues which competed with the wider national debate over an emerging “civil society.”[5]
The elections marked an unprecedented presence of women in politics of Iran, 114 women won first or second place in 109 cities.[6]
There were 23,668,739 votes cast in this election.[1]
Results
edit| City | 2nd of Khordad | Right wing | Independents | Ref | |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Ahvaz | 4 / 9 (44%)
|
0 / 9 (0%)
|
5 / 9 (56%)
|
[7] | |
| Hamedan | 0 / 9 (0%)
|
0 / 9 (0%)
|
9 / 9 (100%)
|
[7] | |
| Isfahan | 8 / 11 (73%)
|
2 / 11 (18%)
|
1 / 11 (9%)
|
[7] | |
8 / 11 (73%)
|
— | [8] | |||
7 / 11 (64%)
|
— | [5] | |||
| Tabriz | 8 / 11 (73%)
|
— | [8] | ||
| Kermanshah | 4 / 9 (44%)
|
0 / 9 (0%)
|
5 / 9 (56%)
|
[7] | |
| Mashhad | 4 / 11 (36%)
|
5 / 11 (45%)
|
2 / 11 (18%)
|
[7] | |
6 / 11 (55%)
|
— | [8] | |||
| Qom | 0 / 9 (0%)
|
9 / 9 (100%)
|
0 / 9 (0%)
|
[7] | |
| — | 8 / 9 (89%)
|
— | [8] | ||
| Sari | 4 / 9 (44%)
|
0 / 9 (0%)
|
5 / 9 (56%)
|
[7] | |
| Shiraz | 6 / 11 (55%)
|
0 / 11 (0%)
|
5 / 11 (45%)
|
[8] | |
8 / 11 (73%)
|
— | [7] | |||
| Tehran | 14 / 15 (93%)
|
0 / 15 (0%)
|
1 / 15 (7%)
|
[7] | |
| Zahedan | 4 / 9 (44%)
|
0 / 9 (0%)
|
5 / 9 (56%)
|
[7] | |
| Khomein | 5 / 5 (100%)
|
0 / 5 (0%)
|
0 / 5 (0%)
|
[8] | |
| Najafabad | 7 / 7 (100%)
|
0 / 7 (0%)
|
0 / 7 (0%)
|
[8] | |
| Total | 579 / 815 (71%)
|
119 / 815 (15%)
|
117 / 815 (14%)
|
[8] | |
331 / 665 (50%)
|
82 / 665 (12%)
|
— | [9] | ||
References
edit- ^ a b c "1999 Municipal Councils Election", The Iran Social Science Data Portal, Princeton University, retrieved 10 August 2015[permanent dead link]
- ^ a b "Iran prepares for first-ever local elections", BBC, 10 February 1999, retrieved 10 March 2016
- ^ Beck, Lois (2014), Nomads in Postrevolutionary Iran: The Qashqa'i in an Era of Change, Routledge, p. 107, 333, ISBN 9781317743873
- ^ Reza H. Akbari and Saeed Aganji (19 May 2013). "Why Iran's City Council Elections Matter". Al-Monitor. Retrieved 20 February 2016.
- ^ a b Peter Kiernan, "Iran's Reformers Dominate Council Elections", Washington Report on Middle East Affairs, no. April/May 1999, pp. 66, 102
- ^ Golnar Mehran (August 2003). "The Paradox of Tradition and Modernity in Female Education in the Islamic Republic of Iran". Comparative Education Review. 47 (3). University of Chicago Press: 272. doi:10.1086/378248. JSTOR 10.1086/378248.(subscription required)
- ^ a b c d e f g h i j "Election results in provincial capitals" (PDF). Ettela'at International (in Persian). New York City: Page 2. 4 March 1999. ISSN 1353-8829. Retrieved 18 June 2017.
- ^ a b c d e f g h Menashri, David (2012), The Post-Revolutionary Politics in Iran: Religion, Society and Power, Routledge, pp. 99–100, ISBN 9781136333644 – via Salam newspaper, 16 March 1999.
- ^ "Blessing attendance of citizenry" (PDF). Ettela'at International (in Persian). New York City: Page 1. 5 March 1999. ISSN 1353-8829. Retrieved 18 June 2017 – via Islamic Iran Participation Front statistics, 112 cities examined.