The citrine forktail (Ischnura hastata) is a damselfly of the family Coenagrionidae.
| Citrine forktail | |
|---|---|
| |
Scientific classification 
| |
| Domain: | Eukaryota |
| Kingdom: | Animalia |
| Phylum: | Arthropoda |
| Class: | Insecta |
| Order: | Odonata |
| Suborder: | Zygoptera |
| Family: | Coenagrionidae |
| Genus: | Ischnura |
| Species: | I. hastata
|
| Binomial name | |
| Ischnura hastata (Say, 1839)
| |
Description
editThis species is 20–27 mm in length, and its hindwing is 11–15 mm long; it is thus considerably smaller than most European members of the genus Ischnura.
Adult males have a black head and thorax, with blue markings, and a largely yellow abdomen, with black markings on its upper surface. The term citrine refers to its yellowish colouration. Adult females are initially largely orange, marked with black above on the head and rear part of the abdomen. They undergo a colour change, through brown or olive to greyish, as they mature.
Male citrine forktails are the only damselflies in the world with the pterostigma situated away from the leading edge of the wing.
Distribution
editIt is native to North and South America, and there is a population on the Azores. The Azorean population is likely to have been present since the late 19th Century, it was not identified as this species until 1990.
Life history
editIn North America, this species has a typical dragonfly life-history. However, the population on the Azores reproduces by parthenogenesis, making it the only population of Odonata anywhere in the world known to reproduce by this means.[2]
In the southern United States, adults are on the wing year-round, while farther north the flight season is from April to November, and in the Azores from May to August.
References
edit- ^ NatureServe (5 May 2023). "Ischnura hastata". NatureServe Network Biodiversity Location Data accessed through NatureServe Explorer. Arlington, Virginia: NatureServe. Retrieved 22 May 2023.
- ^ Lorenzo-Carballa, M O; Cordero-Rivera, A (10 June 2009). "Thelytokous parthenogenesis in the damselfly Ischnura hastata (Odonata, Coenagrionidae): genetic mechanisms and lack of bacterial infection". Heredity. 103 (5): 377–384. doi:10.1038/hdy.2009.65. PMID 19513091.
External links
edit
Further reading
edit- Dijkstra, Klaas-Douwe B. and Richard Lewington. (2006.) Field Guide to the Dragonflies of Britain and Europe British Wildlife Publishing