The Jizera (Polish: Izera, German: Iser) is a river in the Czech Republic and for a brief stretch in Poland. It is a right tributary of the Elbe River and flows through the Liberec and Central Bohemian regions. It is 167.0 km (103.8 mi) long, making it the 10th longest river in the Czech Republic.
| Jizera Izera | |
|---|---|
 The Jizera in Železný Brod | |
 | |
| Location | |
| Countries | |
| Regions/ Voivodeships | |
| Physical characteristics | |
| Source | |
| • location | Lázně Libverda/Mirsk, Jizera Mountains |
| • elevation | 984/1,035 m (3,228/3,396 ft) |
| Mouth | |
• location | Elbe |
• coordinates | 50°10′21″N 14°42′56″E / 50.17250°N 14.71556°E |
• elevation | 169 m (554 ft) |
| Length | 167.0 km (103.8 mi) |
| Basin size | 2,193.4 km2 (846.9 sq mi) |
| Discharge | |
| • average | 24.3 m3/s (860 cu ft/s) |
| Basin features | |
| Progression | Elbe→ North Sea |
Etymology
editThe first written mention of Jizera (as Gizera) is from the 13th century. The origin of the name is most likely Celtic and is derived from the verbal root -eis, -ois, -is, meaning "to flow briskly". It has the same etymology as the Isar in Germany, the Yser/IJzer in Belgium and France, the Isère in France and probably the Aire in England.[1]
Characteristic
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The Jizera originates in the Jizera Mountains. Two sources of the river are defined. The first spring (so-called "Czech spring of the Jizera") is located on the slopes of Mt. Smrk in the territory of Lázně Libverda on the Czech side of the border at the elevation of 984 m (3,228 ft) and for centuries it was considered the only source of the Jizera. In the 1990s, the so-called "Polish spring of the Jizera" was determined (on the slopes of Mt. Stóg Izerski in the territory of Gmina Mirsk on the Polish side at the elevation of 1,035 m (3,396 ft)), as the source of a headwater that is longer and more substantial than the Czech one, but historically it was a separate stream with a different name.[2][3]
The Jizera flows to Lázně Toušeň, where it enters the Elbe River at the elevation of 169 m (554 ft). Considering the "Czech spring of the Jizera", it is 167.0 km (103.8 mi) long, making it the 10th longest river in the Czech Republic. Considering the "Polish spring of the Jizera", it is 167.5 km (104.1 mi) long, of which 1.4 km (0.9 mi) is in Poland. The Czech-Polish border is formed by 17 km (11 mi) of the river. Its drainage basin has an area of 2,193.4 km2 (846.9 sq mi), of which 2,145.2 km2 (828.3 sq mi) is in the Czech Republic.[4][5]
The longest tributaries of the Jizera are:[6]
| Tributary | Length (km) | River km | Side |
|---|---|---|---|
| Mohelka | 41.6 | 61.4 | right |
| Kamenice | 36.9 | 101.0 | right |
| Oleška | 36.0 | 106.3 | left |
| Klenice | 29.3 | 36.9 | left |
| Žehrovka | 26.3 | 66.9 | left |
| Zábrdka | 24.5 | 55.2 | right |
| Jizerka | 21.5 | 121.7 | left |
| Libuňka | 21.4 | 78.4 | left |
| Strenický potok | 20.3 | 30.6 | right |
| Bělá | 15.0 | 49.1 | right |
A notable tributary is also the Mumlava River, which has an average discharge near the estuary at 2.05 m³/s.[7]
Course
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The largest settlement on the river is the city of Mladá Boleslav. The river flows past Kořenov, Rokytnice nad Jizerou, Jablonec nad Jizerou, Semily, Železný Brod, Malá Skála, Turnov, Mnichovo Hradiště, Bakov nad Jizerou, Mladá Boleslav, Benátky nad Jizerou, Předměřice nad Labem, Tuřice, Nový Vestec, Káraný and Lázně Toušeň.
Bodies of water
editThere are no reservoirs or fishponds built directly on the Jizera. The largest body of water in the basin area is the Josefův Důl Reservoir with an area of 131 ha (320 acres), built on the Kamenice. There are 1,350 bodies of water in the basin area.[4]
Fauna
editThere are many species of molluscs in the river. Among the most endangered species are Cochlodina dubiosa corcontica, Daudebardia brevipes, Planorbis carinatus, Clausilia cruciata, Euconulus praticola, Pseudotrichia rubiginosa, Ruthenica filograna, Semilimax kotulae, Vertigo alpestris, Vertigo antivertigo and Vitrea subrimata.[8]
Jizera is one of the cleanest rivers in the country and there is a high density of fish, which is why it is popular for fishing. The upper and middle courses are mainly inhabited by brown trout and grayling.[9]
Economy
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Jizera is a resource of drinking water for the city of Prague and the central part of the Central Bohemian Region. It supplies Prague with drinking water from approximately one third of the total need, the rest of Prague's need is covered by water from the Švihov Reservoir. From Benátky nad Jizerou to its on-flow, the Jizera is surrounded by bank infiltration system, and in the municipality of Sojovice the water is being pumped for artificial infiltration.[10]
Tourism
editThe Jizera is suitable for river tourism. Due to its mountainous character, the upper course is popular among experienced paddlers, but within the entire river there are sections of all difficulties.[9]
References
edit- ^ Svoboda, Jiří (2011-09-08). "O původu názvů českých řek" (in Czech). Archived from the original on 2020-10-25. Retrieved 2019-07-12.
- ^ Waters, Josef. "Jak je to s Jizerou?". estudanky.eu (in Czech). Retrieved 2023-09-21.
- ^ Pilous, Vlastimil. "Pramen Jizery nekonečný příběh?" (PDF). estudanky.eu (in Czech). Retrieved 2023-09-21.
- ^ a b "Základní charakteristiky toku Jizera a jeho povodí" (in Czech). T. G. Masaryk Water Research Institute. Retrieved 2023-09-21.
- ^ "Vymezení oblasti povodí a jeho částí" (PDF) (in Czech). Povodí Labe s.p. Retrieved 2023-09-21.
- ^ "Vodní toky". Evidence hlásných profilů (in Czech). Czech Hydrometeorological Institute. Retrieved 2024-10-14.
- ^ "Povodňový plán města Harrachov: Hydrologické údaje". Elektronický digitální povodňový portál (in Czech). Retrieved 2024-09-13.
- ^ Horáčková, Jitka; Ložek, Vojen; Juřičková, Lucie. "Malakofauna v nivě Jizery (Severní Čechy) [The mollusc fauna of the Jizera floodplain (North Bohemia)" (PDF). Malacologica Bohemoslovaca (in Czech). 12. Masaryk University: 48–59. ISSN 1336-6939. Retrieved 2023-09-21.
- ^ a b "Jizera – řeka mnoha tváří" (in Czech). CzechTourism. Retrieved 2023-09-21.
- ^ "Vodárna v Káraném" (in Czech). Vodárna Káraný a.s. Retrieved 2023-09-21.
External links
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- River flow at Předměřice station – Flood Warning and Forecasting Service of the Czech Hydrometeorological Institute