John George Brown (10 October 1839 – 18 July 1916), better known as "Kootenai" Brown, was an Irish-born Canadian soldier, prospector, trader, guide, forest ranger, and conservation advocate.
Kootenay Brown | |
|---|---|
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| Born | John George Brown 10 October 1839 Ennistymon, County Clare, Ireland |
| Died | 18 July 1916 (aged 76) Waterton Lakes, Alberta, Canada |
| Resting place | Waterton Lakes, Alberta, Canada |
| Citizenship | British, Canadian |
| Occupations |
|
| Employer(s) | British government, Canadian government, self-employed |
| Known for | Being a famous mountain men on the Canadian and American Western Frontier |
| Spouse(s) | two wives; Olive Lyonnais, and Cheepaythaquakasoon (Isabella) |
| Military career | |
| Allegiance |
|
| Service | |
| Years of service | 1857–1862, 1885 |
| Rank | commissioned officer |
| Unit | |
Early life
editJohn George Brown was born and educated in Ennistymon, County Clare, Ireland.[1] Brown was commissioned as a British Army officer in 1857 "without purchase"[2] (a reference to the practice then common of purchasing officers' commissions), joining the 8th Regiment as an ensign.[2] After serving in India from 1858 to 1859, in 1862 he sold his commission[further explanation needed] and joined the flood of prospectors joining the Cariboo Gold Rush in British Columbia, Canada.
Frontiersman
editHe proved unsuccessful as a prospector, turning to trapping and then briefly policing, serving as constable in Wild Horse Creek, a tributary of the Kootenay River in the East Kootenay region of southeastern British Columbia[2] (now gone).
In 1865, he moved on, to Waterton Lakes, just east of the Kootenays, being wounded by a Blackfoot on his way to Fort Garry (now Winnipeg), where he settled and became a whisky trader.[2]
Subsequent to that, he worked briefly for a company delivering mail to the United States Army until 1874, during which time he was captured and nearly killed by Sitting Bull in 1869.[2]
After a quarrel and gunfight at Fort Benton, Montana, with "celebrated hunter" Louis Ell, in which Ell was killed, and subsequent trial and acquittal by a territorial jury,[2] Brown returned to his beloved Kootenay, where he settled, building a reputation as a guide and packer.
In the North West Rebellion, he acted as chief scout to the Rocky Mountain Rangers.[3]
Always arguing vigorously for the region's preservation, after the Kootenay Lakes Forest Reserve was established in 1895, Brown became a fishery officer and in 1910, a forest ranger.[2]
He lived to see the reserve expanded into Waterton Lakes National Park, which became contiguous with Glacier National Park in Montana, in 1914.
Personal life
editIn 1869, Kootenay Brown married a local Métis woman and ultimately made a living bison hunting and wolfing.[2]
Kootenay Brown died in Waterton Lakes, Alberta, Canada and was buried alongside his two wives.
In popular culture
editThe 1991 movie The Legend of Kootenai Brown starring Tom Burlinson, Raymond Burr and Donnelly Rhodes, provides a loose portrayal of his life.
The Kootenai Brown Pioneer Village in Pincher Creek, Alberta, is named after Kootenai Brown for his contribution to the history of the surrounding area. Kootenai Brown's cabin is also located on site.
References
editNotes
edit- ^ Rodney, William (1996). Kootenai Brown Canada's Unknown Frontiersman. British Columbia: Heritage House Co. p. 33. Archived from the original on 24 September 2015. Retrieved 4 June 2013.
- ^ a b c d e f g h Rodney, William. "Brown, John George, 'Kootenai'", in The Canadian Encyclopedia (Edmonton: Hurtig Publishing, 1988), Volume 1, p.289.
- ^ Tolton, Gordon E. (2011). Cowboy Cavalry: The Story of the Rocky Mountain Rangers. Heritage House Publishing Co. Ltd. p. 114. ISBN 978-1-926936-02-4.
Sources
edit- Marsh, James H. (1988). Brown, John George, 'Kootenai'. Edmonton: Hurtig Publishing. p. 289. ISBN 0-88830-326-2.
{{cite book}}:|work=ignored (help) - Rodney, William (2003). BROWN, JOHN GEORGE, Kootenai Brown. Toronto/Quebec: University of Toronto/Université Laval.
{{cite book}}:|work=ignored (help) http://www.biographi.ca/en/bio/brown_john_george_14E.html
Further reading
edit- Rodney, William (1996). Kootenai Brown : Canada's unknown frontiersman (1st ed.). Surrey, B.C.: Heritage House. ISBN 978-1-895811-31-5.