Wikipedia

J/Z (New York City Subway service)

(Redirected from JJ (NYCS))

The J Nassau Street Local and Z Nassau Street Express[3] are two rapid transit services in the B Division of the New York City Subway. Their route emblems, or "bullets", are colored brown since they use the BMT Nassau Street Line in Lower Manhattan.[4]

"J" train symbol"Z" train symbol
Nassau Street Local
Nassau Street Express
A J train of R179s at Flushing Avenue
A Z train of R160s at Chambers Street
Map of the "J" train
Western endBroad Street
Eastern endJamaica Center–Parsons/Archer
Stations30 (J service)
21 (Z service)
20 (J skip-stop service)
Rolling stockR160
R179[1][2]
(Rolling stock assignments subject to change)
DepotEast New York Yard
Started service1893; 131 years ago (1893) (predecessor)
November 1967; 57 years ago (1967-11) (present-day J service)
December 11, 1988; 35 years ago (1988-12-11) (present-day Z service)
Route map

Legend
Jamaica Center–Parsons/Archer
arrow for d ​ J  ​ Z   E 
 Sutphin Boulevard–Archer Avenue–JFK Airport
"E" train Manhattan via Queens Boulevard
 Down arrow
rush hour skip-stop service
J serves all stations other times
Z
 121st Street
J
 111th Street
Z
 104th Street
J
Z
 Woodhaven Boulevard
J
 85th Street–Forest Parkway
Z
 75th Street–Elderts Lane
Queens
Brooklyn
J
 Cypress Hills
J
Z
 Crescent Street
Z
 Norwood Avenue
J
 Cleveland Street
Z
 Van Siclen Avenue
J
Z
 Alabama Avenue
no regular service via Canarsie
J
Z
 Broadway Junction
Z
 Chauncey Street
J
 Halsey Street
Z
 Gates Avenue
J
 Kosciuszko Street
Up arrow
rush hour skip-stop service
J serves all stations other times
"M" train Middle Village via Myrtle Avenue
rush hour peak direction express
 Myrtle Avenue
Flushing Avenue
Lorimer Street
Hewes Street
rush hour peak direction express
 Marcy Avenue
Brooklyn
Manhattan
 Essex Street
arrow for u  M  (weekends)
"M" train Uptown & Queens via 6th Avenue
 Bowery
Canal Street
Chambers Street
Fulton Street
Broad Street
arrow for u  J  ​ Z 
no regular service via Montague Tunnel
Legend
 Lines used by the "J" train and "Z" train
Other services sharing tracks with the "J" train and "Z" train
Unused lines, connections, or service patterns
 J 
 Termini of services
Cross-platform interchange
Platforms on different levels
This diagram:

The J operates at all times while the Z, operating as its rush-hour variant,[5] runs with six trips in each peak direction on weekdays. Both services run through the entirety of the BMT Archer Avenue and Jamaica lines, via the Williamsburg Bridge, and the Nassau Street Line between Jamaica Center–Parsons/Archer in Jamaica, Queens, and Broad Street in Lower Manhattan. When the Z operates, the two services form a skip-stop pair between Sutphin Boulevard–JFK and Myrtle Avenue-Broadway. In addition during rush hours and middays in the peak direction, they run express in Brooklyn between Myrtle Avenue-Broadway and Marcy Avenue, bypassing three stations. At all other times, only the J operates, serving every station on its entire route.

The J/Z's current skip-stop pattern was implemented in 1988. The J/Z is derived from four routes:

History

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Before the Chrystie Street Connection

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The Jamaica Line – then known as the Broadway Elevated – was one of the original elevated lines in Brooklyn, completed in 1893 from Cypress Hills west to Broadway Ferry in Williamsburg.[6] It was then a two-track line, with a single local service between the two ends, and a second east of Gates Avenue, where the Lexington Avenue Elevated merged.[7] This second service later became the 12, and was eliminated on October 13, 1950, with the abandonment of the Lexington Avenue Elevated.[8]

The second major service on the Broadway Elevated ran between Canarsie and Williamsburg via the BMT Canarsie Line, started on July 30, 1906, when the Broadway and Canarsie tracks were connected at East New York.[9] As part of the Dual Contracts, an extension from Cypress Hills east to Jamaica was completed on July 3, 1918,[10] a third track was added west of East New York, and express trains began running on it in 1922.[citation needed]

The Brooklyn–Manhattan Transit Corporation numbered its services in 1924,[citation needed] and the Canarsie and Jamaica services became 14 and 15. Both ran express during rush hours in the peak direction west of East New York. Express trains would only stop at Myrtle Avenue, Essex Street and Canal Street, before making local stops afterwards. Additional 14 trains, between Eastern Parkway or Atlantic Avenue on the Canarsie Line and Manhattan provided rush-hour local service on Broadway.[11] When the 14th Street–Eastern Line and Canarsie Line were connected on July 14, 1928,[12] the old Canarsie Line service was renamed the Broadway (Brooklyn) Line, providing only weekday local service over the Broadway Elevated west of Eastern Parkway. The Atlantic Avenue trips remained, and rush-hour trains continued to serve Rockaway Parkway (Canarsie), though they did not use the Broadway express tracks.[13] The 14 was later cut back to only rush-hour service.[citation needed]

On the Manhattan end, the first extension was made on September 16, 1908, when the Williamsburg Bridge subway tracks opened.[14] Broadway and Canarsie trains were extended to the new Essex Street terminal, and further to Chambers Street when the line was extended on August 4, 1913.[15] When the BMT Nassau Street Line was completed on May 30, 1931, the 15 was extended to Broad Street,[16][17] and the 14 was truncated to Canal Street.[13]

Weekday midday 14 Broadway-Brooklyn Local and midday 15 Jamaica Express service was discontinued on June 26, 1952.[18] Some 14 trains began terminating at Crescent Street on the Jamaica Line in 1956.[citation needed]

 
A brochure describing the introduction of A/B skip-stop service on the No. 14 and No. 15 services of the BMT Jamaica Line on June 18, 1959

Manhattan-bound rush hour skip-stop service between Jamaica and East New York was implemented on June 18, 1959, with trains leaving 168th Street on weekdays between 7 a.m. and 8:30 a.m.[19] Express 15 trains served "A" stations, while the morning 14 became the Jamaica Local, running between Jamaica and Canal Street, and stopped at stations marked "B".[20] Express 15 trains continued to run express between Eastern Parkway and Canal Street, making only stops at Myrtle Avenue, Essex Street, and Canal Street.[19] These stations were as follows:[21]

Letters were assigned to most BMT services in the early 1960s. The BMT Jamaica services retained their numbers until November 1967. The 15 became the J (express), and the 14 became the JJ.[22]

Chrystie Street Connection to 1977

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JJ

Jamaica 

When the Chrystie Street Connection opened on November 26, 1967, many services were changed. The two local services – the JJ (non-rush hour Jamaica local, and rush hour Broadway-Brooklyn local) – continued as the JJ without any major routing changes. Thus non-rush hour JJ trains ran between Jamaica and Broad Street, while morning rush hour JJ trains ran to Canal Street, and afternoon rush hour JJ trains ran between Canal Street and Atlantic Avenue or Crescent Street. The rush-hour express J was combined with the weekday QT Brighton Local via tunnel to form the weekday QJ, running between Jamaica and Brighton Beach via the Jamaica Line (express during rush hours in the peak direction), BMT Nassau Street Line, Montague Street Tunnel, and BMT Brighton Line (local). Finally, the RJ was a special peak-direction rush-hour service, running local on the Jamaica Line in the AM, express in the PM, Nassau Street Line, Montague Street Tunnel, and BMT Fourth Avenue Line to 95th Street in Fort Hamilton. This service served two purposes: (1) early AM service from Jamaica prior to the first QJ trains got the equipment to 95th Street in Brooklyn in time for the AM rush, and obviated the need to have early service to Brighton Beach; and (2) in the evening, trains returned from 95th Street in Brooklyn to Jamaica, allowing the QJ to avoid having to run on the Brighton Line in the Manhattan direction post-rush hour.

 
KK A New Service Brochure Map

The next change was made on July 1, 1968, when the Chrystie Street Connection tracks to the Williamsburg Bridge opened. A new service, KK, was instituted that provided skip-stop service from 168th Street/Jamaica along with the QJ in both AM and PM rush hours; because of the limited skip-stop time spans, other terminals for the KK included Rockaway Parkway, Atlantic Avenue, Eastern Parkway and 111th Street. The KK provided service to 57th Street/6th Avenue, as the B served 168th Street-Washington Heights during rush hours; during non-rush hours, the B began serving 57th Street/6th Avenue. The MM (depicted with a dark green bullet on R27 signage) had been proposed as a supplement to the KK as a local to 57th Street–Sixth Avenue, but was kept as the M and extended from Chambers Street to Broad Street. The RJ was eliminated, being cut north of Chambers Street and relabeled as an RR variant, and the off-hour JJ was relabeled QJ. Less than two months later, on August 18, the QJ was extended to Coney Island–Stillwell Avenue,[23][24] and the D cut back to Brighton Beach during QJ operating hours in order to avoid switching delays at Brighton Beach. On July 14, 1969, afternoon skip-stop service on the KK and QJ was discontinued due to rider complaints.[25][26]

On January 2, 1973, the QJ, which was the longest route in the transit system, was cut back to Broad Street and redesignated the J; and the M was extended to Coney Island in its place. At the same time, the KK was cut back to Eastern Parkway from 168th Street and renamed the K,[27][28] and both skip-stop patterns were carried out by alternate J trains between 7:25 a.m. and 8:12 a.m.. J trains making A stops trains stopped at 168th Street, Sutphin Boulevard, Metropolitan Avenue, 111th Street, Woodhaven Boulevard, Elderts Lane, Cypress Hills, Norwood Avenue, Van Siclen Avenue, and Eastern Parkway, while trains making B stops stopped at 168th Street, 160th Street, Queens Boulevard, 121st Street, 102nd Street, Forest Parkway, Elderts Lane, Crescent Street, Cleveland Street, and Eastern Parkway. All J trains would run express between Eastern Parkway and Essex Street between 6:00 a.m. and 9:05 a.m. from 168th Street, and from 3:35 p.m. to 7:00 p.m. leaving Essex Street.[29]

The K was discontinued entirely on August 30, 1976,[30] eliminating the J skip-stop and express service east of Myrtle Avenue in the evening rush hour. Skip-stop service was retained toward Manhattan during the morning rush hour. One-way express service remained west of Myrtle Avenue, for the M was switched to the local tracks at that time.[31] On January 24, 1977, as part of a series of NYCTA service cuts to save $13 million, many subway lines began running shorter trains during middays. As part of the change, J trains began running with four cars between 9:15 a.m. and 1:15 p.m.[32] On May 2, 1977, J trains began running in skip-stop service between Eastern Parkway and Myrtle Avenue. Chauncey Street and Gates Avenue were designated as A stops, while Halsey Street and Kosciusko Street were designated as B stops.[26]

The following table summarizes the changes that were made between 1959 and 1976.

Morning rush-hour local Morning rush-hour express Afternoon rush-hour local Afternoon rush-hour express Other local Other express
1959–1967 14/KK 168th Street – Canal Street, "B" stops inbound 15/J 168th Street – Broad Street, "A" stops inbound 14/KK Crescent Street, Atlantic Avenue, or Rockaway Parkway – Canal Street 15/J 168th Street – Broad Street 15/JJ 168th Street – Broad Street 10/M Metropolitan Avenue – Chambers Street, rush hour only (west of Myrtle Avenue)
1967–1968 JJ 168th Street – Canal Street, "B" stops inbound QJ 168th Street – Brighton Beach, "A" stops inbound JJ Crescent Street or Atlantic Avenue – Canal Street QJ 168th Street – Brighton Beach JJ 168th Street – Broad Street
QJ 168th Street – Brighton Beach, middays and early evenings
RJ 168th Street – Bay Ridge, rush hour non-peak direction only 		M Metropolitan Avenue – Chambers Street, rush hour only (west of Myrtle Avenue)
1968–1974 KK 168th Street – 57th Street, "B" stops inbound QJ 168th Street – Brooklyn, "A" stops inbound KK 168th Street – 57th Street, "B" stops outbound QJ 168th Street – Brooklyn, "A" stops outbound QJ 168th Street – Broad Street or Brooklyn M Metropolitan Avenue – Chambers Street, rush hour and (from 1969) middays and early evenings (west of Myrtle Avenue)
1974–1976 K Eastern Parkway – 57th Street J 168th Street – Broad Street, two inbound patterns, one for "A" stops and one for "B" stops K Eastern Parkway – 57th Street J 168th Street – Broad Street, two outbound patterns, one for "A" stops and one for "B" stops J 168th Street – Broad Street M Metropolitan Avenue – Coney Island, rush hour, middays and early evenings (west of Myrtle Avenue)

1977 to present

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Archer Avenue Line

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The J was truncated to Queens Boulevard just after midnight on September 11, 1977,[33] and to 121st Street on April 15, 1985, as portions of the elevated Jamaica Line closed and were demolished. The Q49 shuttle bus replaced service at the closed stations until 1988.[34] On December 1, 1980, AM rush hour skip-stop service was discontinued.[26]

The BMT Archer Avenue Line opened on December 11, 1988, extending the line east from 121st Street to Jamaica Center–Parsons/Archer. The Z train first ran that day, introducing the present J/Z skip-stop pattern.[35] The new Z trains would go skip-stop between Jamaica Center and Broadway Junction (later extended to Myrtle Avenue) during rush hours, then making all J stops to Broad Street. Bus service on several Queens bus routes was rerouted to serve Jamaica Center instead of the 169th Street station several blocks away.[36] The J/Z skip-stop service was touted, in an attempt to relieve some crowding on the IND Queens Boulevard Line, as being faster to lower Manhattan than E, F, and R service. Because the MTA hoped that Queens passengers would use the J/Z instead of the E, F, and R, every subway car on the J and Z's fleet was completely graffiti-free.[37]

One of the goals of the Archer Avenue project was to make Jamaica Line service as attractive as possible, and as a result the TA planned to provide a form of express service. The two options considered to speed up Jamaica Line service were skip-stop service, which would have split Jamaica services into two patterns that served alternate stops, and a zone-express service, which would have split Jamaica services into a short-turn local service and a full-length express services. The zone-express option was dismissed in favor of the skip-stop option because its operation has to be very precisely timed so as to not hinder reliability, because service in the outer zone past the boundary of zone express service at Crescent Street or 111th Street would be too infrequent, and because many stations would lose half their service.[38]: 7  Outer-zone expresses, after Crescent Street would skip stops on the local track until Eastern Parkway, from where it would run on the express track, stopping at Myrtle Avenue before going straight to Essex Street in Manhattan, skipping Marcy Avenue.[39] Outer-zone expresses and inner-zone locals would have each been limited to frequencies of 10 minutes.[38]: 49 

The TA decided to implement skip-stop service with two services labeled "J" and "Z", with lightly-used stops designated as "J" or "Z" stops, and those with higher ridership being all-stop stations. The all-stop stations were Parsons Boulevard, Sutphin Boulevard, Woodhaven Boulevard, Crescent Street, Eastern Parkway, Myrtle Avenue, Marcy Avenue, and all stops in Manhattan except for Bowery, which was to be served by only the M train. Bowery's low ridership did not justify more than one service to stop at the station; the J stopped there evenings, nights and weekends when the M did not operate into Manhattan. The J-only stops while skip-stop was operating were 111th Street, Forest Parkway, Cypress Hills, Cleveland Street, Alabama Avenue, Halsey Street and Kosciusko Street. The Z-only stops were 121st Street, 102nd Street, Elderts Lane, Norwood Avenue, Van Siclen Avenue, Chauncey Street and Gates Avenue.[40] To further speed up service, J and Z trains would run express between Myrtle and Marcy.[38]: 7–8  Trains on the J/Z ran every five minutes, an improvement over their previous headway of eight minutes.[41] Skip-stop service ran to Manhattan in the morning between 7:15 and 8:15 a.m. and to Jamaica between 4:45 and 5:45 p.m.[42][43]

Midday express service was added with J service continuing to run express in the peak direction between Marcy and Myrtle. Surveys of ridership at local stops found that service could be adequately provided by midday M service.[38]: 48–50  The running time for skip-stop service from Parsons Boulevard to Broad Street was 48 minutes, compared to 54+1⁄2 minutes for all-local service and 52 for the E. It was expected that 2,250 Queens Boulevard riders would switch to the J and Z.[38]: 7–8  To make J/Z service more attractive, all trains on those lines consisted of refurbished subway cars that were more quiet, graffiti-free, and had improved lighting and new floors. All cars on the J/Z were expected to have air-conditioning by summer 1989.[44]

Express service was not implemented between Broadway Junction and Myrtle Avenue because local service would have needed to be operated between those points in addition to the J and Z. The two terminals for such a service (57th Street and Broad Street) lacked spare capacity, although it was acknowledged that 57th Street on the IND Sixth Avenue Line could be used as a terminal once Manhattan Bridge subway-track repairs were completed.[38]: 49 

Queens Borough President Claire Schulman made multiple recommendations about revisions to the service plan for the extension at the MTA's February 1988 board meeting. She recommended that trains should use the express track between Myrtle Avenue and Eastern Parkway to reduce travel times, and that the Chrystie Street Connection be reused for service to the Jamaica Line.[45]

Post-1990 changes

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On September 30, 1990, weekend J service was cut back to Canal Street,[46] but it was extended back to Chambers Street in January 1994.[47][48]

From May 1 to September 1, 1999, the Williamsburg Bridge was closed for reconstruction. J trains ran only between Jamaica Center–Parsons/Archer and Myrtle Avenue. J/Z skip-stop service operated in both directions between Jamaica Center and Eastern Parkway-Broadway Junction.[49][50][51] During the closure, B39 bus service over the Williamsburg Bridge was free.[52] The closure was anticipated to last until October 1999, but regular subway service was restored one month ahead of schedule.[53] The project cost $130 million, including replacing the tracks support structure, signal system and other equipment.[54] On September 1, 1999, J and Z trains, which previously skipped Bowery between 6 a.m. and 8 p.m. on weekdays, began stopping there at all times.[55]

After the September 11, 2001 attacks, service on the BMT Broadway Line in Lower Manhattan, as well as all R service, was suspended. J trains were extended beyond Broad Street via the Montague Street Tunnel to replace the R to Bay Ridge–95th Street at all times except late nights, when it only ran to Broad Street and a shuttle ran in Brooklyn between 95th and 36th Streets. J/Z skip-stop service was suspended.[56] Normal service on all three trains was restored on October 28.[57]

On November 20, 2008, in light of severe budget woes, the MTA announced a slew of potential service cuts; among them was the potential elimination of Z service.[58] In May 2009, after the New York State Legislature passed legislation to offer financial support to the MTA, this planned service cut was taken off the table.[59]

In May 2014, all trains began stopping at Alabama Avenue, presumably for the convenience of transit employees who work at the nearby East New York Yard and East New York Bus Depot.[60] In July 2014, the MTA proposed that weekend J service be extended from Chambers Street to Broad Street.[61] The service change went into effect on June 14, 2015.[62][63]

From June 26, 2017 to April 27, 2018, J and Z trains ran local between Broadway Junction and Marcy Avenue at all times, supplementing the M, due to the BMT Myrtle Avenue Line connection being closed for reconstruction.[64][65][66]

In March 2020, skip-stop service was temporarily suspended due to lack of ridership and train crew availability caused by the COVID-19 pandemic.[67][68] Full service was restored in June 2020.[69][70] From December 29, 2021,[71][72] to January 19, 2022, skip-stop service was again suspended due to a shortage of crew members exacerbated by the COVID-19 pandemic.[73][74]

On July 1, 2022, J service was cut back to 121st Street, and skip-stop service was suspended due to track replacement on the lower levels of the Jamaica Center and Sutphin Boulevard stations.[75][76][77][78] Skip-service to Jamaica Center was restored on September 19, 2022.[79]

On February 26, 2023, Jamaica Center-bound J and Z trains skipped 75th Street-Elderts Lane and Woodhaven Boulevard until January 2024 as part of a four-phase station renovation project for both stations as well as accessibility improvements and elevator installation for the latter. The second phase closed the Manhattan-bound platforms for both stops from early 2024 to mid-2024. Phase 3 will close down the Jamaica Center-bound platforms at Cypress Hills on July 22, 2024, and at 85th Street–Forest Parkway on August 12, 2024, for renovations until early 2025. Phase 4 will close the Manhattan-bound platforms down until late 2025. During those phases, J and Z trains will continue to operate skip-stop service between Myrtle Avenue-Broadway and Crescent Street, Brooklyn, but with both trains making all local stops to/from Sutphin Boulevard-Archer Avenue-JFK Airport, Queens, except for the affected stops.[80] Weekend frequencies on the J route were increased in July 2023.[81][82]

From June 28 to September 3, 2024, to accommodate riders displaced by the suspension of the G for signal modernization, peak-direction express J/Z service between Myrtle Avenue and Marcy Avenue will be suspended, with trains operating local at all times along this segment.[83]

Route

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Service pattern

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The following table shows the lines used by the J and Z, with shaded boxes indicating the route at the specified times:

Line From To Tracks Times
   
mid­days even­ings week­ends rush peak rush peak
BMT Archer Avenue Line Jamaica Center Sutphin Boulevard all        
BMT Jamaica Line 121st Street Myrtle Avenue local (all)  
local (skip-stop)        
Myrtle Avenue Marcy Avenue local      
express        
Williamsburg Bridge all    
BMT Nassau Street Line Essex Street Broad Street

Stations

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For a more detailed station listing, see the articles on the lines listed above.[3]

Stations in green and stations in blue denote stops served by the J and Z, respectively, during rush hours in the peak direction. The J makes all stops at all other times.

Station service legend
  Stops all times
  Stops all times except late nights
  Stops late nights only
  Stops weekdays during the day
  Stops all times except rush hours in the peak direction
  Stops rush hours in the peak direction only
Time period details
  Station is compliant with the Americans with Disabilities Act
  ↑ Station is compliant with the Americans with Disabilities Act
in the indicated direction only
  ↓
  Elevator access to mezzanine only
    Stations   Subway transfers Connections/Notes
Queens
Archer Avenue Line
    Jamaica Center–Parsons/Archer   E   Q44 Select Bus Service
    Sutphin Boulevard–Archer Avenue–JFK Airport     E   AirTrain JFK
LIRR at Jamaica
Q44 Select Bus Service
Jamaica Line
    121st Street Q10 bus to JFK Int'l Airport
    111th Street
    104th Street
    Woodhaven Boulevard Q52/Q53 Select Bus Service
    85th Street–Forest Parkway Jamaica Center-bound trains will not stop here because of renovations until early 2025.
    75th Street–Elderts Lane
Brooklyn
    Cypress Hills Jamaica Center-bound trains will not stop here because of renovations until early 2025.
    Crescent Street
    Norwood Avenue
  Cleveland Street
    Van Siclen Avenue
    Alabama Avenue
    Broadway Junction A   ​C   (IND Fulton Street Line)
L   (BMT Canarsie Line) 		LIRR Atlantic Branch at East New York
Some northbound a.m. rush hour trips begin/terminate at this station[a]
Some southbound p.m. rush hour trips begin at this station
    Chauncey Street
  Halsey Street
    Gates Avenue
  Kosciuszko Street B46 Select Bus Service
    Myrtle Avenue M  
  Flushing Avenue   M   B15 bus to JFK Int'l Airport
  Lorimer Street M  
  Hewes Street M  
    Marcy Avenue   M   B44 Select Bus Service
  NYC Ferry: East River Route (at South Tenth Street west of Kent Avenue)
Manhattan
Nassau Street Line
    Essex Street M  
F   <F>  ​ (IND Sixth Avenue Line at Delancey Street) 		M14A Select Bus Service
    Bowery
    Canal Street   4   ​6   <6>   (IRT Lexington Avenue Line)
N   ​Q   ​R   ​W   (BMT Broadway Line)
    Chambers Street   4   ​5   ​6   <6>   (IRT Lexington Avenue Line at Brooklyn Bridge–City Hall)
    Fulton Street   2   ​3   (IRT Broadway–Seventh Avenue Line)
4   ​5   (IRT Lexington Avenue Line)
A   ​C   (IND Eighth Avenue Line) 		Connection to N   ​R   ​W   (BMT Broadway Line) at Cortlandt Street via Dey Street Passageway
PATH at World Trade Center
    Broad Street M15 Select Bus Service
Staten Island Ferry at Whitehall Terminal

Notes

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  1. ^ Some northbound trains begin their trips at this station and continue to Jamaica Center during the early a.m. rush hour; some northbound trains from Broad Street end their trips at this station during the late a.m. rush hour.

References

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  1. ^ 'Subdivision 'B' Car Assignment Effective December 19, 2021'. New York City Transit, Operations Planning. December 17, 2021.
  2. ^ "Subdivision 'B' Car Assignments: Cars Required November 1, 2021" (PDF). The Bulletin. 64 (12). Electric Railroaders' Association: 3. December 2021. Retrieved December 3, 2021.
  3. ^ a b "J/Z Subway Timetable, Effective June 30, 2024". Metropolitan Transportation Authority. Retrieved June 28, 2024.
  4. ^ "Line Colors". mta.info. Metropolitan Transportation Authority. Retrieved October 7, 2018.
  5. ^ "Sub-Division B Train Operator/Conductor Road & Non-Road Work Programs in Effect: November 6, 2016" (PDF). progressiveaction.info. New York City Transit. July 29, 2016. Retrieved August 19, 2016.
  6. ^ "Trains Running This Morning". Brooklyn Daily Eagle. Brooklyn, NY. May 30, 1893. p. 10.
  7. ^ "Better Service on the Brooklyn L". Brooklyn Daily Eagle. Brooklyn, NY. December 20, 1893. p. 12.
  8. ^ "Brooklyn 'El' Link Dies With Aplomb; Celebrants Pack Last Train to Run on Lexington Spur, Soon to Be Torn Down In Service For 65 Years Riders Were So Scarce That Its 8 Stations Were Closed at Night for Last 10 Years". The New York Times. October 14, 1950. ISSN 0362-4331. Retrieved April 4, 2018.
  9. ^ "The BRT Opens Its New Extension for Through Traffic". The New York Times. July 31, 1906. p. 12. Retrieved March 20, 2010.
  10. ^ "New Subway Line". The New York Times. July 7, 1918. p. 30. Retrieved March 20, 2010.
  11. ^ Brooklyn–Manhattan Transit Corporation, Map and Guide to BMT Rapid Transit Division, 1924
  12. ^ "Celebrate Opening of New B. M. T. Line". The New York Times. July 15, 1928. p. 13. Retrieved March 20, 2010.
  13. ^ a b Brooklyn–Manhattan Transit Corporation, Map and Guide to BMT Rapid Transit Division, 1931
  14. ^ "Mayor Runs a Train Over New Bridge". The New York Times. September 17, 1908. p. 16. Retrieved March 20, 2010.
  15. ^ "Bridge Loop to Open for One Line Only". The New York Times. August 3, 1913. p. 6. Retrieved March 20, 2010.
  16. ^ "Nassau St. Service Outlined by B.M.T." The New York Times. May 21, 1931. p. 29. Retrieved March 20, 2010.
  17. ^ "Mayor Drives Train in New Subway Link". The New York Times. May 30, 1931. p. 11. Retrieved March 20, 2010.
  18. ^ "Changes in BMT Service". New York Division Bulletin. 9 (8). Electric Railroaders' Association. August 1966.
  19. ^ a b "Jamaica BMT to Start Speed-Up Tomorrow". The New York Times. June 17, 1959. p. 28. Retrieved March 20, 2010.
  20. ^ New York City Transit Authority, Official New York City Subway Map and Station Guide, 1959
  21. ^ "Skip Stop on the BMT Jamaica Line". www.thejoekorner.com. New York City Transit Authority. 1959. Archived from the original on October 8, 2018. Retrieved October 7, 2018.
  22. ^ Joseph Cunningham and Leonard DeHart, A History of the New York City Subway System Part 2: Rapid Transit in Brooklyn, 1977
  23. ^ New York City Transit Authority, Rapid Transit Service Changes, 1968
  24. ^ "KK A New Service". www.thejoekorner.com. New York City Transit Authority. 1968. Retrieved October 7, 2018.
  25. ^ "Skip-Stop Changed, Other Notes" (PDF). New York Division Bulletin. 12 (4). Electric Railroaders' Association: 8. August 1969.
  26. ^ a b c "BMT Jamaica Line Skip-Stop Service Began 55 Years Ago" (PDF). The Bulletin. 57 (9). Electric Railroaders' Association: 1.
  27. ^ "Subway Schedules In Queens Changing Amid Some Protest". The New York Times. January 2, 1973. p. 46. Retrieved March 20, 2010.
  28. ^ "Changes Set for Jan. 2 Praised" (PDF). The New York Times. November 25, 1972. Retrieved January 25, 2016.
  29. ^ "To Serve You Better.... ...On the Jamaica Line". Flickr. Metropolitan Transportation Authority. 1972. Retrieved December 22, 2022.
  30. ^ "Transit Agency Drops 215 Runs". The New York Times. August 31, 1976. p. 42. Retrieved March 20, 2010.
  31. ^ "Service Adjustment on BMT and IND Lines Effective 1 A.M. Monday, Aug. 30". Flickr. New York City Transit Authority. 1976. Retrieved October 23, 2016.
  32. ^ Cosgrove, Vincent (January 28, 1977). "Straphangers: Mini-Train Idea Comes Up Short". New York Daily News. Retrieved December 27, 2021.
  33. ^ Dembart, Lee (September 9, 1977). "A Sentimental Journey on the BMT..." The New York Times. p. 61. Retrieved March 20, 2010.
  34. ^ "Spring (April) 1985 Subway Map". Flickr. New York City Transit Authority. April 1985. Retrieved October 7, 2018.
  35. ^ Johnson, Kirk (December 9, 1988). "Big Changes For Subways Are to Begin". The New York Times. p. B1. Retrieved March 20, 2010.
  36. ^ "System-Wide Changes In Subway Service Effective Sunday, December 11, 1988". Flickr. New York City Transit Authority. 1988. Retrieved June 17, 2016.
  37. ^ Feinman, Mark S. (December 8, 2004). "The New York Transit Authority in the 1980s". www.nycsubway.org. Retrieved October 7, 2018.
  38. ^ a b c d e f Archer Avenue Corridor Transit Service Proposal. New York City Transit Authority, Operations Planning Department. August 1988.
  39. ^ "Archer Opens Dec. 11 Excerpts From TA Plan". Notes from Underground. 18 (11, 12). Committee For Better Transit. January–February 1988.
  40. ^ J/Z Map Correction. New York City Transit Authority. 1988.
  41. ^ "New Subway Line Finally Rolling Through Queens". Newsday. December 11, 1988. p. 7.
  42. ^ Starting Sunday, December 11th, We'll Introduce The Greatest Number of Service Improvements Since 1904. New York City Transit Authority. 1988.
  43. ^ Archer Avenue Extension Subway Service E F J R Z. New York City Transit Authority. 1988.
  44. ^ "Archer Avenue Extension Opens December 11". Welcome Aboard: Newsletter of the New York City Transit Authority. 1 (4). New York City Transit Authority: 1. 1988.
  45. ^ Ain, Stuart (February 29, 1988). "Schulman Hails Plan for Subway Station". New York Daily News.
  46. ^ "Service Changes September 30, 1990" (PDF). subwaynut.com. New York City Transit Authority. September 30, 1990. Archived from the original (PDF) on October 26, 2014. Retrieved May 1, 2016.
  47. ^ Glickman, Todd (October 6, 1998). "Archive of NYC Subway Maps". mit.edu. Retrieved July 28, 2016.
  48. ^ "January 1994 Subway Map". www.railfanwindow.com. Metropolitan Transportation Authority. 1993. Archived from the original on September 30, 2018. Retrieved September 30, 2018.
  49. ^ "No Trains Over The Williamsburg Bridge". subwaynut.com. Metropolitan Transportation Authority. 1999. Archived from the original on March 3, 2016. Retrieved June 6, 2016.
  50. ^ Williams, Monte (May 4, 1999). "Most Straphangers Unfazed By Closing of Bridge Lines". The New York Times. ISSN 0362-4331. Retrieved June 6, 2016.
  51. ^ Rutenburg, James (April 27, 1999). "6-Month Bridgework To Disrupt J, M, Z Lines". New York Daily News. Archived from the original on August 7, 2016. Retrieved June 6, 2016 – via fishq.info.
  52. ^ "Williamsburg Bridge Map 1999". Flickr. New York City Transit. 1999. Retrieved October 7, 2018.
  53. ^ "NYC DOT – Williamsburg Bridge". www.nyc.gov. New York City Department of Transportation. Retrieved June 6, 2016.
  54. ^ Donohue, Pete (September 2, 1999). "It's J -As In Joy- Train Riders Flying High On Fixed-Up W'Burg Span". New York Daily News. Retrieved June 6, 2016.
  55. ^ "Rapid Transit Challenge". www.rapidtransitchallenge.com. Retrieved December 31, 2017.
  56. ^ Soltren, Jose. "September 19, 2001 Subway Map". nycsubway.org. Retrieved October 23, 2016.
  57. ^ Calcago, Michael. "October 28, 2001 Subway Map". nycsubway.org. Retrieved October 23, 2016.
  58. ^ Neuman, William; Chan, Sewell (November 20, 2008). "M.T.A. Plans Steep Service Cuts and Fare Increase". The New York Times. ISSN 0362-4331. Retrieved June 4, 2020.
  59. ^ Neuman, William; Confessore, Nicholas (May 4, 2009). "Bailout Plan for M.T.A. Gains Two Essential Votes". The New York Times. ISSN 0362-4331. Retrieved June 4, 2020.
  60. ^ Compare:
    • "New York City Subway Map" (PDF). mta.info. Metropolitan Transportation Authority. February 2014. Archived from the original on June 11, 2014. Retrieved October 9, 2016.{{cite web}}: CS1 maint: bot: original URL status unknown (link) (Only the J served Alabama Avenue in February 2014)
    • (The Z now also served Alabama Avenue in May 2014)
  61. ^ Donohue, Pete (July 24, 2014). "MTA to Upgrade Weekend Service on J Train, Restore It on LIRR's West Hempstead Branch". New York Daily News. Retrieved October 23, 2016.
  62. ^ "2015 Service Enhancements". mta.info. Metropolitan Transportation Authority. 2015. Retrieved October 7, 2018.
  63. ^ "J/Z Subway Timetable: Now Available: Broad St Station Service at All Times" (PDF). mta.info. June 14, 2015. Archived from the original (PDF) on September 5, 2015. Retrieved October 7, 2018.
  64. ^ Rivoli, Dan (March 17, 2016). "M Line to Be Shut Down Next Year for Repairs". New York Daily News. Retrieved July 23, 2016.
  65. ^ Brown, Nicole (March 18, 2016). "MTA: M Line Will Shut Down for Part of Next Year". am New York. Retrieved July 23, 2016.
  66. ^ "Myrtle Avenue Line Infrastructure Projects". mta.info. Metropolitan Transportation Authority. Retrieved July 23, 2016.
  67. ^ Guse, Clayton (March 24, 2020). "Coronavirus Forces MTA to Implement Big Cuts to NYC's Mass Transit". nydailynews.com. Retrieved June 9, 2020.
  68. ^ Martinez, Jose (April 28, 2020). "Subway Service Slowly Gets Back On Track As Transit Workers Return". The City. Archived from the original on April 29, 2020. Retrieved April 29, 2020.
  69. ^ Bascome, Erik (June 2, 2020). "Full Service on MTA Buses, Subways Set to Return by June 8". silive. Retrieved June 8, 2020.
  70. ^ Siff, Andrew (June 5, 2020). "MTA Resumes Regular Weekday Service; Overnight 4-Hour Closure Stays". NBC New York. Retrieved June 8, 2020.
  71. ^ "COVID Staffing Crush Forces NYC Subway Suspensions, NJ Transit Cancellations". NBC New York. December 28, 2021. Retrieved December 30, 2021.
  72. ^ Garcia, Kristine; Cole, Kirstin (December 30, 2021). "MTA subway lines suspended due to COVID staff shortages". PIX11. Retrieved December 30, 2021.
  73. ^ "4 Major Subway Lines to Resume Regular Service as Omicron Staffing Havoc Ebbs". NBC New York. January 18, 2022. Retrieved January 25, 2022.
  74. ^ Duggan, Kevin (January 18, 2022). "B and Z subway trains come back Wednesday; W line still out due to crew shortage". amNewYork. Retrieved June 30, 2022.
  75. ^ "MTA to alter service to complete track replacement project". Spectrum News NY1 New York City. June 3, 2022. Retrieved June 30, 2022.
  76. ^ Parry, Bill (June 6, 2022). "MTA track replacement work will shut down J and Z lines in southeast Queens for much of summer – QNS.com". QNS.com. Retrieved June 30, 2022.
  77. ^ "MTA to begin final phase of critical track replacement work in Queens next month". Railway Track and Structures. June 6, 2022. Retrieved June 30, 2022.
  78. ^ "J Schedule Effective July 2, 2022". Archived from the original on September 15, 2022.
  79. ^ "MTA to Complete Critical Track Replacement Work Along Archer Av in Queens on the J and Z Lines by Monday Morning Rush Hour". MTA. September 18, 2022. Retrieved September 19, 2022.
  80. ^ "MTA Announces Upcoming Station Renovations at Cypress Hills, 75 St, and 85 St Stations on the J and Z Line". MTA. February 28, 2023. Retrieved February 28, 2023.
  81. ^ Izzo, Christina (May 8, 2023). "Changes are coming to the G, J and M trains this summer". Time Out New York. Retrieved August 27, 2023.
  82. ^ Simko-Bednarski, Evan (May 2, 2023). "NYC Transit boosting subway service on a dozen lines this summer". New York Daily News. Retrieved August 27, 2023.
  83. ^ "Service changes on the G line in summer 2024". MTA. May 28, 2024. Retrieved June 1, 2024.
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