Semaphorin 7A, GPI membrane anchor (John Milton Hagen blood group) (SEMA7A) also known as CD108 (Cluster of Differentiation 108), is a human gene.[5]
SEMA7A is a membrane-bound semaphorin that associates with cell surfaces via a glycosylphosphatidylinositol (GPI) linkage. SEMA7A is also known as the John-Milton-Hagen (JMH) blood group antigen, an 80-kD glycoprotein expressed on activated lymphocytes and erythrocytes.[supplied by OMIM][5] SEMA7A is expressed in various adult tissues such as adipose, colon, esophagus, heart, brain, spleen, testis, lung, ovary, and uterus.[6]
Development
editSEMA7A promotes axonal growth and is involved in mesoderm derived somite formation. Murine embryonic Sema7A expression is highest on day 7, which is indicative of its role on the differentiation of germ layer structure.[7] Embryonic Sema7A expression is noticeable at all developmental stages as well as in the newborn and adult thymus, indicative of a development T-cell role.[7] In wild type neurons, addition of Sema7A under in vitro conditions promotes elongation and branching in a dose dependent manner.[8] Unlike the majority of semaphorins, SEMA7A enhances axonal growth and is imperative for proper embryonic axonal tract formation.[9] Limited expression of SEMA7A is found in the hindbrain as opposed to an abundance of SEMA7A expression found in both the cranial and trunk neural crest cells, which indicates an involvement in migration and differentiation.[10] Sema7A -/- mice show defects in olfactory tract development.[11]
Tumorigenesis
editIn normal breast tissue, mRNA expression of SEMA7A is low or not expressed, but activation to re-express SEMA7A occurs in these adult tissues to cause pleiotropic effects which increase tumorigenesis.[12][13] Tumor cell growth, EMT, lung metastasis and angiogenesis have been linked to increased Sema7a expression in murine models.[14][15][16] Increased SEMA7A expression correlates with poor prognosis in breast cancer patients.[13] Tumors increase SEMA7A expression in an involuting environment, but knockout of SEMA7a in mouse models undergoing involution decreases lymphangiogenesis.[17]
Genetics
editThis protein is known to have eight variants in the extracellular region: seven lie within the Sema domain and one within the PSI domain.[citation needed]
Molecular biology
editThis protein forms dimers.[citation needed]
Notes
editThis protein acts as a receptor for the malaria parasite Plasmodium falciparum.
See also
editReferences
edit- ^ a b c ENSG00000288455 GRCh38: Ensembl release 89: ENSG00000138623, ENSG00000288455 – Ensembl, May 2017
- ^ a b c GRCm38: Ensembl release 89: ENSMUSG00000038264 – Ensembl, May 2017
- ^ "Human PubMed Reference:". National Center for Biotechnology Information, U.S. National Library of Medicine.
- ^ "Mouse PubMed Reference:". National Center for Biotechnology Information, U.S. National Library of Medicine.
- ^ a b "Entrez Gene: SEMA7A semaphorin 7A, GPI membrane anchor (John Milton Hagen blood group)".
- ^ "Tissue expression of SEMA7A - Summary - The Human Protein Atlas". www.proteinatlas.org. Retrieved 2020-04-14.
- ^ a b Mine T, Harada K, Matsumoto T, Yamana H, Shirouzu K, Itoh K, et al. (May 2000). "CDw108 expression during T-cell development". Tissue Antigens. 55 (5): 429–436. doi:10.1034/j.1399-0039.2000.550505.x. PMID 10885563.
- ^ Moresco EM, Donaldson S, Williamson A, Koleske AJ (June 2005). "Integrin-mediated dendrite branch maintenance requires Abelson (Abl) family kinases". The Journal of Neuroscience. 25 (26): 6105–6118. doi:10.1523/JNEUROSCI.1432-05.2005. PMC 6725048. PMID 15987940.
- ^ Scott GA, McClelland LA, Fricke AF (January 2008). "Semaphorin 7a promotes spreading and dendricity in human melanocytes through beta1-integrins". The Journal of Investigative Dermatology. 128 (1): 151–161. doi:10.1038/sj.jid.5700974. PMID 17671519.
- ^ Bao ZZ, Jin Z (August 2006). "Sema3D and Sema7A have distinct expression patterns in chick embryonic development". Developmental Dynamics. 235 (8): 2282–2289. doi:10.1002/dvdy.20882. PMC 1564195. PMID 16804892.
- ^ Pasterkamp RJ, Peschon JJ, Spriggs MK, Kolodkin AL (July 2003). "Semaphorin 7A promotes axon outgrowth through integrins and MAPKs". Nature. 424 (6947): 398–405. Bibcode:2003Natur.424..398J. doi:10.1038/nature01790. PMID 12879062. S2CID 12690989.
- ^ Moserle L, Casanovas O (March 2012). "Exploiting pleiotropic activities of semaphorins as multi-target therapies for cancer". EMBO Molecular Medicine. 4 (3): 168–170. doi:10.1002/emmm.201200206. PMC 3376851. PMID 22323445.
- ^ a b Black SA, Nelson AC, Gurule NJ, Futscher BW, Lyons TR (September 2016). "Semaphorin 7a exerts pleiotropic effects to promote breast tumor progression". Oncogene. 35 (39): 5170–5178. doi:10.1038/onc.2016.49. PMC 5720143. PMID 27065336.
- ^ Garcia-Areas R, Libreros S, Amat S, Keating P, Carrio R, Robinson P, et al. (2014). "Semaphorin7A promotes tumor growth and exerts a pro-angiogenic effect in macrophages of mammary tumor-bearing mice". Frontiers in Physiology. 5: 17. doi:10.3389/fphys.2014.00017. PMC 3914020. PMID 24550834.
- ^ Allegra M, Zaragkoulias A, Vorgia E, Ioannou M, Litos G, Beug H, et al. (October 2012). Chernoff J (ed.). "Semaphorin-7a reverses the ERF-induced inhibition of EMT in Ras-dependent mouse mammary epithelial cells". Molecular Biology of the Cell. 23 (19): 3873–3881. doi:10.1091/mbc.e12-04-0276. PMC 3459863. PMID 22875994.
- ^ Ringnér M, Fredlund E, Häkkinen J, Borg Å, Staaf J (March 2011). Creighton C (ed.). "GOBO: gene expression-based outcome for breast cancer online". PLOS ONE. 6 (3): e17911. Bibcode:2011PLoSO...617911R. doi:10.1371/journal.pone.0017911. PMC 3061871. PMID 21445301.
- ^ Elder AM, Tamburini BA, Crump LS, Black SA, Wessells VM, Schedin PJ, et al. (November 2018). "Semaphorin 7A Promotes Macrophage-Mediated Lymphatic Remodeling during Postpartum Mammary Gland Involution and in Breast Cancer". Cancer Research. 78 (22): 6473–6485. doi:10.1158/0008-5472.CAN-18-1642. PMC 6239927. PMID 30254150.
Further reading
edit- Xu X, Ng S, Wu ZL, Nguyen D, Homburger S, Seidel-Dugan C, et al. (August 1998). "Human semaphorin K1 is glycosylphosphatidylinositol-linked and defines a new subfamily of viral-related semaphorins". The Journal of Biological Chemistry. 273 (35): 22428–22434. doi:10.1074/jbc.273.35.22428. PMID 9712866.
- Lange C, Liehr T, Goen M, Gebhart E, Fleckenstein B, Ensser A (August 1998). "New eukaryotic semaphorins with close homology to semaphorins of DNA viruses". Genomics. 51 (3): 340–350. doi:10.1006/geno.1998.5256. PMID 9721204.
- Yamada A, Kubo K, Takeshita T, Harashima N, Kawano K, Mine T, et al. (April 1999). "Molecular cloning of a glycosylphosphatidylinositol-anchored molecule CDw108". Journal of Immunology. 162 (7): 4094–4100. doi:10.4049/jimmunol.162.7.4094. PMID 10201933.
- Angelisová P, Drbal K, Cerný J, Hilgert I, Horejsí V (June 1999). "Characterization of the human leukocyte GPI-anchored glycoprotein CDw108 and its relation to other similar molecules". Immunobiology. 200 (2): 234–245. doi:10.1016/s0171-2985(99)80073-4. PMID 10416131.
- Tamagnone L, Artigiani S, Chen H, He Z, Ming GI, Song H, et al. (October 1999). "Plexins are a large family of receptors for transmembrane, secreted, and GPI-anchored semaphorins in vertebrates". Cell. 99 (1): 71–80. doi:10.1016/S0092-8674(00)80063-X. PMID 10520995. S2CID 17386412.
- Mine T, Harada K, Matsumoto T, Yamana H, Shirouzu K, Itoh K, et al. (May 2000). "CDw108 expression during T-cell development". Tissue Antigens. 55 (5): 429–436. doi:10.1034/j.1399-0039.2000.550505.x. PMID 10885563.
- Holmes S, Downs AM, Fosberry A, Hayes PD, Michalovich D, Murdoch P, et al. (September 2002). "Sema7A is a potent monocyte stimulator". Scandinavian Journal of Immunology. 56 (3): 270–275. doi:10.1046/j.1365-3083.2002.01129.x. PMID 12193228. S2CID 26634136.
- Strausberg RL, Feingold EA, Grouse LH, Derge JG, Klausner RD, Collins FS, et al. (December 2002). "Generation and initial analysis of more than 15,000 full-length human and mouse cDNA sequences". Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America. 99 (26): 16899–16903. Bibcode:2002PNAS...9916899M. doi:10.1073/pnas.242603899. PMC 139241. PMID 12477932.
- Ota T, Suzuki Y, Nishikawa T, Otsuki T, Sugiyama T, Irie R, et al. (January 2004). "Complete sequencing and characterization of 21,243 full-length human cDNAs". Nature Genetics. 36 (1): 40–45. doi:10.1038/ng1285. PMID 14702039.
- Gerhard DS, Wagner L, Feingold EA, Shenmen CM, Grouse LH, Schuler G, et al. (October 2004). "The status, quality, and expansion of the NIH full-length cDNA project: the Mammalian Gene Collection (MGC)". Genome Research. 14 (10B): 2121–2127. doi:10.1101/gr.2596504. PMC 528928. PMID 15489334.
- Maurin JC, Delorme G, Machuca-Gayet I, Couble ML, Magloire H, Jurdic P, et al. (May 2005). "Odontoblast expression of semaphorin 7A during innervation of human dentin". Matrix Biology. 24 (3): 232–238. doi:10.1016/j.matbio.2005.03.005. PMID 15907379.
- Hu Y, Malone JP, Fagan AM, Townsend RR, Holtzman DM (December 2005). "Comparative proteomic analysis of intra- and interindividual variation in human cerebrospinal fluid". Molecular & Cellular Proteomics. 4 (12): 2000–2009. doi:10.1074/mcp.M500207-MCP200. PMID 16199891.
- Koh JM, Oh B, Lee JY, Lee JK, Kimm K, Kim GS, et al. (2006). "Association study of semaphorin 7a (sema7a) polymorphisms with bone mineral density and fracture risk in postmenopausal Korean women". Journal of Human Genetics. 51 (2): 112–117. doi:10.1007/s10038-005-0331-z. PMID 16372136.
External links
edit- SEMA7A+protein,+human at the U.S. National Library of Medicine Medical Subject Headings (MeSH)
- John Milton Hagen blood group system in the BGMUT blood group antigen gene mutation database
- PDBe-KB provides an overview of all the structure information available in the PDB for Human Semaphorin-7A
This article incorporates text from the United States National Library of Medicine, which is in the public domain.
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